2. DNA Structure Questions

3. Question #1  What does A stand for?  Adenine

4. Question #2  What three things make up a nucleotide?  1 sugar, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogen base

5. Question #3  Who is credited with the discovery of the shape of DNA?  Watson and Crick

6. Question #4  What is the basic structure of DNA called? Hint-twisted ladder  Double helix

7. Question #5  Complete the following diagram using the base-pairing rule  GTCGAC  CAGCTG

8. Question #6  What does C stand for?  Cytosine

9. Question #7  What does DNA stand for?  Deoxyribose nucleic acid

10. Question #8  Are there any two people who have exactly the same DNA?  Yes, identical twins

11. Question #9  Why is DNA sometimes called the fingerprint inside your body?  Because no two peoples DNA is the same (except twins) and no two peoples fingerprints are the same

12. Question #10  What are the rails of the DNA strand made up of?  The sugar phosphate backbone is made up of the sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate.

13. Question #11  What are the steps of the DNA strand are called?  Nitrogenous Bases

14. Question #12  In a DNA Strand A pairs with ____.  T (thymine)

15. DNA Replication Questions

16. Question #13  Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding a DNA strand for replication?  DNA Helicase

17. Question #14  How does DNA Helicase unzip the strand?  It breaks the bonds (hydrogen) between the two nitrogenous bases

18. Question #15  When does DNA Replication occur during the cell cycle?  S-phase of interphase

19. Question #16  Why is it necessary for DNA Replication to occur?  I will take either of the following: To preserve the genetic code between cells To prepare for mitosis or meiosis

20. Question #17  In DNA replications, how many new double strands are made?  One

21. Question #18  DNA Replication follows the Semi- conservative model of replication, what does this mean?  It means that each strand is made up of one old strand (parent) and one new strand (daughter)

22. Question #19  In DNA Replication, which enzyme is responsible for laying down the complement bases?  DNA Polymerase

23. Question #20  Write the DNA Replication complement to this strand.  ATCGCCGATC  TAGCGGCTAG

24. Transcription

25. Question #21  What are the three types of RNA?  mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

26. Question #22  What does tRNA transfer?  Transfer RNA transfers amino acids.

27. Question #23  What does mRNA stand for?  Messenger RNA

28. Question #24  What does rRNA stand for?  Ribosomal RNA

29. Question #25  Where does transcription take place in the cell?  In the nucleus

30. Question #26  In transcription, which enzyme is responsible for laying down complimentary bases to the parent strand?  RNA Polymerase

31. Question #27  Illustrate the central dogma  DNA  RNA  Proteins  traits

32. Question #28  In RNA, A pairs with ____  U (Uracil)

33. Question #29  In transcription, G pairs with ___ CC

34. Question #30  What are the two products of one round of transcription?  On strand DNA, one strand RNA

35. Question #31  What is the name of the sugar found in RNA?  Ribose

36. Question #32  Is RNA double or single-stranded?  Single Stranded

37. Translation

38. Question #33  What is made as a result of translation?  Proteins

39. Question #34  How many bases make up a codon? 33

40. Question #35  What is the basic unit of proteins?  Amino Acids

41. Question #36  How many codons does the following tRNA strand have?  AUGCCGGGCUUAGCGUGA

42. Question #37  What three bases make up a start codon?  AUG (needs to be in this order)

43. Question #38  Name all three stop codons.  UAG, UAA, UGA

44. Question #39  In translation proteins are made from a _____ template  RNA

45. Question #40  Where does translation occur in the cell?  Ribosome

46. Bonus Question- Worth 30 pts.  Use the following to decode the tRNA strand. AUGGGCCUGUGA  Met-Gly-Leu-Stop