1. BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION & CLASSIFICATION
Reporting Category 3
BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION & CLASSIFICATION
Part 1 – Evidence of Evolution, Fossil Record, Mechanisms of Evolution, Natural Selection & Adaptation

2. Evolution Father of Evolution is Charles Darwin
Survival of the fittest /Natural Selection– those with the most favorable traits will survive and pass on those traits to their offspring
Over time, whole populations evolve, not individual organisms

3. EVOLUTION Change over time Descent with modification
Genetic traits passed on to offspring

4. COMMON ANCESTRY
The theory that all organisms descend from a single ancestor
Support/Evidence for this is found in
Fossil Record
Biogeography
Anatomical Homology
Molecular Homology
Developemental Homology

5. FOSSIL RECORD
Remains or imprints of the organism of organisms from earlier geological periods.

6. FOSSIL RECORD
Rock closet to the top is the newest!

7. BIOGEOGRAPHY
The proximity of like fossils that supports continental drift (Pangea)

8. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
Same structure but serve different functions

9. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
Same function, different structure

10. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES
Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor

11. MOLECULAR HOMOLOGY
Comparing the DNA or amino acids (proteins) of different organisms

12. DEVELOPMENTAL HOMOLOGY
Embryos of different organisms share many common characterisitcs

13. Reporting Category 3 BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION & CLASSIFICATION
Part 2 – Evolution of the Cell, Taxonomy, Kingdoms of Life

14. THE IDEA THAT EUKARYOTIC CELLS EVOLVED FROM PROKARYOTIC CELLS
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
THE IDEA THAT EUKARYOTIC CELLS EVOLVED FROM PROKARYOTIC CELLS

15. ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

16. TAXONOMY The grouping of organisms by their similarities
Linneaus is responsible for our modern system
Which organisms are more closely related?

17. PHYLOGENY
An organism’s evolutionary history which can be used to classify it!

18. LINNEAUS SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom
King
KING
PHILLIP
CAME
OVER
FOR
GREAT
SPAGHETTI
Phylum
Phillip
Class
Came
GETS MORE SPECIFIC
AS YOU MOVE DOWN!
Order
Over
Family
For
Gets more specific
Genus
Good
Spaghetti
Species

19. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Organisms are named using their Genus and species
Two organisms with the same genus are more closely related than two organisms with the same family for example
Example: Black bear and grizzly bear are more closely related than the black bear and panda bear

20. DICHOTOMOUS KEY

21. 3 DOMAINS BACTERIA – all prokaryotic
ARCHAEA – all prokaryotic extreme environments
EUKARYA – all eukaryotic organisms

22. Animal Kingdom Multicellular heterotrophic
This kingdom includes all vertebrates (one major phylum) and invertebrates (several phyla)
Insects, jellyfish, people are all animals

23. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular and autotrophic
Means that all plants perform photosynthesis
This kingdom includes mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants (grasses, fruit trees, shrubs, most garden plants, most crops, wildflowers)

24. Kingdom Fungi Multicellular and some single-cells
Most of these organisms are decomposers
Includes mushrooms, yeasts and infections like athlete's foot

25. Kingdom Protista
largest source of food and oxygen for the entire planet.
Includes plankton, amoeba, and ciliates.
Described as Unicellular Eukaryotes

26. Kingdom Eubacteria & Archeabacteria
Unicellular Prokaryotes
Often decomposers
Make you sick but can also help you
CAN be killed by ANTIBIOTICS
Kingdom Archeabacteria:
Extreme environments
DO NOT harm you