1. A sweetly deceptive source of energy
Sugar
C12H22O11
A sweetly deceptive source of energy

2. Personal Sugar Intake
How many grams of sugar did you consume? (you guys came up with this number last week)

3. So what is… A molecule containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, Dextrose, Maltose, Lactose… words that end in -ose
A form of simple carbohydrate
Contains 16 calories per teaspoon

4. Reading the Label – These are all forms of sugar
Brown sugar
Corn sweetener
Corn syrup
Dextrose
Fructose
Fruit juice concentrates
Glucose
High-fructose corn syrup
Honey
Invert sugar
Lactose
Maltose
Malt Syrup
Molasses
Raw sugar
Sucrose
Sugar
Syrup

5. So what’s the big deal about sugar?
When consumed in excess:
can increase overall risk for heart disease
promotes belly fat, especially with high consumption of fructose-laden beverages
increases resistance to Leptin, the hormone responsible for telling you when you are full leading to over consumption
leads to insulin resistance which not only leads to diabetes but increased rates of cancer
has similar toxin effects on the liver as alcohol
premature aging and deficiencies in memory and overall cognitive health
has the potential to shorten your lifespan due to the association of sugar- sweetened drinks and chronic disease risk such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer
And of course: it is making us FAT

6. Our Primary Source of Energy
When you take food in, your digestive tract converts the carbohydrates into glucose - a form of sugar which your body can now utilize.
If you haven’t eaten in a little while, your blood sugar may be a little low so the blood cells absorb some of this glucose to top up their stores and brings blood sugar levels back to normal.
Extra glucose is processed by the release of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin attaches to the glucose and this glucose now travels to our muscle cells to replenish their stores, sugar stored in muscles goes by the name glycogen and is our most accessible form of energy in times of physical stress.

7. So how much sugar should we aim for in our diets?
Sugar should account for fewer than 10% of your daily calories.  
This equates to 200 calories of sugar (50g) for a person eating 2000 calories a day.
Natural sources of sugar are best.

8. How excess sugar consumption is contributing to the problem
Diabetes: a disorder of glucose metabolism.
Recall: the digestive tract breaks down carbohydrates from foods we eat into glucose. With the help of the hormone insulin, cells throughout the body absorb glucose and use it for energy.
Diabetes develops when the body doesn’t make enough insulin or is not able to use insulin effectively, or both.
Diabetes can be classified into two types, Type 1 and Type 2.

9. Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Type 1 diabetes is considered an autoimmune disease, because for reasons unknown to us, the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells.
In type 1 diabetes, cell destruction may take place over several years, but symptoms of the disease usually develop over a short period of time.
Type 1 diabetes is largely an inherited condition in which we have little control over.

10. Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes
Inactivity and obesity are strongly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes.
An imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity can lead to obesity, which causes insulin resistance and is common in people with type 2 diabetes.
Ultimately a disease of lifestyle and can be completely prevented and often reversed (if in early stages) by diet and lifestyle.

11. Insulin helps glucose get into the cells of the body which need glucose for energy. Before diabetes is diagnosed, the body develops insulin resistance which leads to increased production of insulin to compensate.
Type 2 diabetes develops when the body can no longer produce enough insulin to compensate for the impaired ability to use insulin.
The disease, once rare in youth, is becoming more common in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

12. Your Turn!!! T-chart time in Partners **talk to each other**
Create a T-chart that compares the similarities and differences of type 1 diabetes to type 2 diabetes.

13. Guessing Game How many calories?
12 oz. = 156 calories
20 oz. = 260 calories
1 L = 4 cups = 432 calories

14. 250 mL can = 108 calories

15. 16 oz. bottle = 192 calories

16. Super Big Gulp = 512 calories

17. Acaj Blueberry Pomegranate Vitamin Water
8 oz. serving = 50 calories
20 oz. serving = 150 calories

18. One 40 g serving:
26 g of sugar = 104 calories

19. 12 oz. cup serving:
73 g of sugar = 292 calories

20. 16 oz. (Grande) Mocha Frap with Whip:
47 g of sugar = 188 calories

21. What about artificial sweeteners?
Aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, Sweet N’ Low, Equal, Sugar Twin, Splenda…
The latest research is showing that when artificial sweeteners are consumed, they affect the way that the body breaks down glucose. This occurs because the sweetener is not digested and continues to pass directly to the intestines, impacting the millions of invisible bacteria that live in our gut. This disruption of the gut microbes causes them to behave in a way which changes how glucose is metabolized resulting in weight gain.
Create leptin resistance in body, stimulates your appetite, and increases carbohydrate cravings.
In 2005, a European study found rats fed aspartame at comparable levels per body weight to humans had a higher risk of developing brain tumours, lymphoma and leukemia. Similar research holds true for saccharin.
Diet ≠ Diet
Artificial sweeteners can cause overeating and weight gain

22. A naturally derived sweetener: Stevia
Derived from a the stevia plant native to Paraguay and Brazil.
Has been used for centuries in South America.
The leaves of the stevia plant, which can be used fresh, dried, or dried and powdered, contain sweetening compounds referred to as steviol glycosides.
Purified stevia extract is regulated as a food additive in Canada. It has undergone a full safety review and has been approved for use in various foods sold in Canada.
It is available in Canadian natural-food stores as a tabletop sweetener.
Is not actually a sugar and does not impact weight or blood sugar

23. Review Questions What are sugars? 2. Are all sugars bad?
3. Should I avoid all soft drinks and other sugar-sweetened beverages?
4. Since diet sodas and other products made with artificial sweeteners contain zero calories from added sugars, does that mean they can be consumed freely?
5. Do sugars cause diabetes?
6. Which two hormones does sugar impact?