1. التوجيه الفني العام للغة الإنجليزية
Ministry of Education
ELT General Supervision
وزارة التربية
التوجيه الفني العام للغة الإنجليزية
Strategies of Teaching
the Four Skills
ELT General Supervision

2. Strategies of Teaching the Four Skills
Language learning depends on listening. Listening provides the aural input that serves as the basis for language acquisition and enables learners to interact in spoken communication.
ELT General Supervision

3. ELT General Supervision
Teaching Listening
Listening Strategies
Top-down
Bottom -up
ELT General Supervision

4. ELT General Supervision
Listening strategies are techniques or activities that contribute directly to the comprehension and recall of listening input. Listening strategies can be classified by how the listener processes the input
ELT General Supervision

5. for Teaching Listening
Goals and Techniques
for Teaching Listening
Integrating metacognitive Strategies
Listening Process
ELT General Supervision

6. ELT General Supervision
Teaching Speaking
Many language learners regard speaking ability as the measure of knowing a language. These learners define fluency as the ability to converse with others, much more than the ability to read, write, or comprehend oral language.
ELT General Supervision

7. ELT General Supervision
Speaking involves three areas of knowledge:
Mechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary): Using the right words in the right order with the correct pronunciation.
Functions (interaction): Knowing when clarity of message is essential (information exchange) and when precise understanding is not required.
Social and cultural rules and norms (turn-taking, rate of speech, length of pauses between speakers, relative roles of participants
ELT General Supervision

8. Goals and Techniques for
Teaching Speaking
The goal of teaching speaking skills is communicative efficiency .
Learners should be able to make themselves understood.
Instructors can use a balanced activities approach that combines language input, structured output, and communicative output.
ELT General Supervision

9. Strategies for Developing
Reading Skills
Using Reading Strategies
Strategies that can help students read more quickly and effectively include :
Previewing
Predicting
Skimming and scanning
Guessing from context
Paraphrasing
ELT General Supervision

10. ELT General Supervision
Reading as a Process
Reading is an interactive process that goes on between the reader and the text, resulting in comprehension.
Reader knowledge, skills, and strategies include :
Linguistic competence
Knowledge of vocabulary
Discourse competence
Sociolinguistic competence
Strategic competence
ELT General Supervision

11. Strategies Of Teaching
The Writing Skill
Writing is more complicated than it seems at first, and often seems to be the hardest of the skills, even for native speakers of a language, since it involves not just a graphic representation of speech, but the development and presentation of thoughts in a structured way.
ELT General Supervision

12. ELT General Supervision
Here are some of the micro-skills involved in writing. The writer needs to:
use the orthography correctly
use the correct forms of words
put words together in correct word order.
use the style appropriate to the genre and audience
make the main sentence constituents
make the main ideas distinct from supporting ideas
make the text coherent
make sure of schematic knowledge of the subject
ELT General Supervision

13. ELT General Supervision
A- Eclectic Approach :
An eclectic approach is responsive to learners’ needs as their skills develop, and asserts that there is no one answer to the question of how writing should be taught.
ELT General Supervision

14. ELT General Supervision
Techniques for teaching the writing skill :
I - Introduction
Students need to be personally involved in writing exercises in order to make the learning experience of lasting value.
ELT General Supervision

15. ELT General Supervision
II Choosing a Target Area
Choosing the target area depends on many factors; what level are the students? What is the average age of the students, Why are the students learning English,
ELT General Supervision

16. ELT General Supervision
III - Which Means?
Having decided on the target area, the teacher can focus on the means to achieve this type of learning.
ELT General Supervision

17. ELT General Supervision
IV - Planning the Class
With both the target area and means of production clear in the teacher's mind, the teacher can begin to consider how to involve the students by considering what type of activities are interesting to the students.
ELT General Supervision