1. 5/31 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now:
Global II Final Exam is Thursday, June 2.
Important Terms:
Do Now:
What leader was associated with German Unification, Blood and Iron Policy, The Austro Prussian War, and the Franco Prussian War,?
***Castle Learning Regents Review due Friday***

2. Global II Regents and Final Exam Review: Enlightenment, French Revolution, Congress of Vienna

3. The Enlightenment Enlightenment Ideas
All individuals have NATURAL RIGHTS
The use of REASON would lead to human progress.
Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that SOCIETY could best be improved by applying REASON and the LAWS OF NATURE.

4. The Enlightenment
The SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION had a great influence on the Enlightenment ideas of NATURAL LAW and REASON.
The SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION and the Enlightenment were similar is that they encouraged the SPREAD OF NEW IDEAS.

5. The Enlightenment JOHN LOCKE (wrote Two Treatises of Government)
GOVERNMENTS SHOULD BE BASED ON CONSENT OF THE PEOPLE
the chief role of government was to protect NATURAL RIGHTS

6. The Enlightenment ROUSSEAU (wrote The Social Contract)
Rulers must follow the general will of the people
MONTESQUIEU (wrote The Spirit of the Laws)
Separation of powers, 3 branches of government
VOLTAIRE wrote about the importance of Freedom of speech and religious toleration

7. The Enlightenment
The writings of Jean Jacques ROUSSEAU, Baron de MONTESQUIEU, and John LOCKE were similar in that:
each supported the principles of a DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Influenced movements for POLITICAL REFORM

8. The Enlightenment
The writings of the 18th-century French philosophers Diderot, Rousseau, and Voltaire influenced the policies of the ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS.
CATHERINE THE GREAT = Enlightened Despot

9. Other Enlightened Despots
Fredrick the Great
Maria Theresa
Joseph II

10. The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment, American Revolution, and French Revolution were all major influences over LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

11. The French Revolution Causes of the French Revolution
ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS
The wars and debt of LOUIS XIV and poor rule of LOUIS XVI
INEQUALITIES IN THE TAX STRUCTURE
THIRD ESTATE paid ALL the taxes, First and Second paid ALMOST NO taxes

12. The French Revolution
Inspired other peoples seeking democracy and independence (Latin American Rev’s)

13. The French Revolution ROBESPIERRE and the Reign of Terror
After a few years of an unstable gov’t the RADICAL JACOBIN CLUB comes to power
Robespierre started Reign of Terror = PURGED AND VIOLENTLY KILLED his opponents (anti-revolutionaries)
Reign of Terror ended with ROBESPIERRE’S DEATH

14. Napoleon Nationalist leader that provided STABILITY for the nation.
Created codified laws
NAPOLEONIC CODE
Expanded the French Empire ( ) with the NAPOLEONIC WARS
Finally defeated in Russia because of the SEVERE WINTERS and LARGE SIZE
The loss at the BATTLE OF WATERLOO ended the Age of Napoleon

15. Napoleon Inspired NATIONALISTIC FEELINGS in countries he conquered
Followed by the Congress of Vienna

16. Congress of Vienna 1815: treaty signed after the DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON
dominated by AUSTRIAN PRINCE METTERNICH who wanted to restore power of monarchs
REDREW THE MAP OF EUROPE

17. Congress of Vienna Tried to establish a balance of power
Contributed to the rise of nationalistic feelings in countries who were placed under foreign control

18. Forced Famine in the Ukraine
Human Rights Abuses
Before 1945
Armenian Genocide
The Holocaust
Forced Famine in the Ukraine
Rape of Nanking

19. Human Rights Abuses Nuremburg Trials
* showed that leaders would be held responsible for war crimes and genocide
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1945):
*Document that adopted by the U.N. that sets out the basic human rights of all individuals
*Hoped to prevent genocide and human rights abuses

20. Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans
Human Rights Abuses
After 1945
Cambodian Genocide
Rwandan Genocide
Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans
Gassing of the Kurds