1. Nutrients

2. Roles of Nutrients Help the body grow Provide energy
Regulate body functions
Provides oxygen to cells throughout body
Help build, and repair tissue

3. Types of Nutrients
To survive the human body needs nutrients found in food. These nutrients are classified into six groups:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

4. Carbohydrates
Are the main source of energy for the body. Your body can only store limited amounts of carbs. Excess carbs. are converted and stored as fat % of caloric intake.
Sources of Carbs include:
Vegetables
Beans
Potatoes
Pasta
Breads
Rice
Bran
Popcorn
fruit

5. Two Types of Carbs. Simple Carbs. Complex Carbs.
Sugars that enter the bloodstream rapidly and provide quick energy.
Provide calories but few vitamins & minerals.
Ex. Fructose (Fruit), Lactose (milk) – Natural sugars found in fruits, dairy products; also in cake, candy, refined sugar.
Complex Carbs.
Starches and fiber
most of the calories in most diets are from CC.
Ex. Grains products such as pasta, breads, beans, potatoes
SC are found naturally in fruits, honey and milk. Processed sugars, or table sugar is added to many foods during processing. Processed sugars are found in cakes, candy and other sweet desserts as well as ketchup, spaghetti sauce and soda.
Sources of CC are grains, such as bread and pasta, and vegetables, such as potatoes and beans.

6. Simple vs. Complex

7. Starch & Fiber
Starch is a food substance that is made and stored in most plants.
They provide long- lasting energy.
Ex. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes
Fiber is the part of grains and plant foods that cannot be digested.
It helps move food through the digestive system, preventing constipation and other intestinal problems.
Reduces blood cholesterol level & risk of developing heart disease.

8. Glucose What most carbs get broken down into
Main source of fuel for your body’s tissues
Stored and then later used for Physical activity

9. Proteins
Nutrients that help build and maintain body cells and tissues.
Made of long chains of amino acids (structural units)
Your body makes 11 out of 21 aa’s that make up proteins
10 that your body can’t make are called essential amino acids. These 10 come from food.

10. Role of Proteins Supplies body with energy
Protein Hemoglobin (located in RBC) carries oxygen to body’s cells
Muscles, bones, skin, internal organs
10-15 % of caloric intake
Enzymes are substances that control the rate of chemical reactions in your cells. Hormones regulate activities of different cells and antibodies help identify and destroy disease causing organisms.

11. Fats The body needs it to maintain Is a nutrient that provides energy
body heat
Store and use vitamins
maintain an energy reserve
Build brain cells and nerve tissues
Is a nutrient that provides energy
Stored as fat tissue that surrounds and cushions internal organs
Brain development, healthy skin and hair,

12. 3 Types of Fats Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats Trans Fats
is a type of fat from dairy products, solid vegetables, meat & poultry
Are usually in solid form when at room temp.
Contributes to the level of cholesterol in a persons blood
Cholesterol is a fat-like substance made by the body and found in certain food
Usually animal based products
Unsaturated Fats
Nuts, seeds
Moderate amounts make lower risk of heart disease
Trans Fats
Found in margarine
Snack foods
Packaged goods (cookies, crackers)
Can raise total Blood Cholesterol
USDA now requires amount listed on label
Cholesterol in foods is called dietary cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol is found in foods of animal origin, such as meats and diary products. A person’s blood cholesterol level is a combination of dietary cholesterol and cholesterol produced by the body. Blood cholesterol can be lowered by eating fewer saturated fats. Maintaining a healthful cholesterol level lowers the risk of heart disease and some cancers.

13. Fats continued
Unused calories from fat stored as body fat (known as adipose tissue)
Risks – Type II Diabetes, cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol – waxy fatlike substance in blood
Need Good Cholesterol. Bad cholesterol builds up on insides of arteries (saturated and trans fats)
Most nutritionist recommend eating only moderate amounts of fat no more than 20 to 30% of your total daily calorie intake.
Should consume less than 25-35% of caloric intake from Fats

14. Vitamins
Compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including the digestion, absorption and metabolism of other nutrients
It helps the body use carbs., proteins & fats
Do not supply energy
There are two types:
Fat-soluble vitamin
Water soluble

15. Vitamin Roles A,E, Folic : Grow and Maintain Tissues
B : Help body use other nutrients for energy
C : Protect against infection
D, K : help build bones

16. Two types of Vitamins Fat-Soluble Water- Soluble
Is a vitamin that dissolves in fat and can be stored in the body.
are stored in the liver, fatty tissue and kidneys
There are four fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamin A,D,E & K
Excess build-up of these vitamins can be toxic
Water- Soluble
Is a vitamin that dissolves in water and cannot be stored in the body
Pass easily into the blood during digestion
Ex. Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C

17. Minerals
Are substances that the body cannot manufacture but that are needed for forming healthy bones, teeth and for regulating many vital body processes.
Some important minerals are
Iron
Calcium
Sodium
Phosphorous
Magnesium

18. Water Is involved with all body processes
Makes up basic part of the blood
Helps w/ waste removal
Regulates body temp.
Cushions spinal cords & joints
Makes up more than 60% of body mass
It carries nutrients to all body cells and waste products from the cells to the kidneys. It leaves the body in the form of perspiration & urination.
Caffeine – eliinmates water from the body and causes DEHYDRATION

20. Vocabulary Nutrition Nutrients Carbohydrates Fiber Proteins Vitamins
Minerals
Hemoglobin
Transfat
Saturated Fat
Unsaturated Fat
Simple Carbs.
Complex Carbs.
Starch
Fat-soluble vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins
Cholesterol
Glucose

23. MyPlate