1. Climate!

2. How is Climate different than Weather?

3. What Factors Affect the Climate of a Region?
List here…

4. Orographic Effects
Orographic Effects –windward and leeward side of mountain ranges have different climates
Why? Air mass rises and cools adiabatically (without any energy input), clouds form, and thus it rains. Air cools due to expansion…as it comes down the other side, warms adiabatically due to compression and dries out.
Rate of cooling is known as the lapse rate

5. Windward and Leeward Side

6. Ocean Currents
Stream of water consisting of the same temperatures, circulating throughout the ocean basin
Warm currents- warm air above, bring warm weather
Cool currents- cool air above, bring cool weather
See esrt p4

8. Winds
Planetary Winds caused by the Coriolis Effect See Esrt p14 Monsoon- period of severe rains, occurs in Southern Asia, are the resulting of shifting winds. Warming summer continent causes winds to blow from sea inland instead of out to sea.

9. Shifting winds bring rain

11. El Nino, La Nina
Predictable Weather Events resulting from movement of ocean currents and winds off the coast of South America and North America
El Nino- warming event-warm mass of ocea water moves and spreads eastward along the coast of South America. Brings with it warm air, full of thunderstorm capability and severe rains.

12. Continued…
These disturbances offset the Jet Stream and thus global weather patterns
Results in warmer, wet winters for the US and places like India and Australia dry out.
La Nina results in the opposite effect

13. El Nino Animation
On click

19. El Nino Watch issued…

20. Storm Tracks Storms move west to east with the prevailing winds
Hurricanes typically move west off the coast of Africa ,then north to north east
This is the path of a storm

21. Typical Winter Storm Tracks

22. Typical Hurricane Tracks (NASA Visible Earth- 2005 Season)

23. Latitude and Elevation
As the distance from the equator increases, the temperature of a location decreases
See same effect as elevation increases ( mountains)
Climatographs show temperature and precipitation for a particular location. Warmest temperatures are in the summer months in the northern hemisphere and coldest in the summer months for the southern hemisphere
P/Ep ratio also classifies climate in terms of arid vs humid (over 1.2 is humid, and under 0.4 is arid)

24. P/Ep Ratio Values P/Ep Ratio Range Type of Climate Over 1.2 0.8 TO 1.2
LESS THAN 0.4
HUMID
SUBHUMID
SEMIARID
ARID