1. Physical Geography of Latin America: From the Andes to the Amazon From rain forests and mountain ranges, to deserts and savannas, Latin America is rich with varied beauty, resources, and plant and animal life. Angel Falls, Venezuela. NEXT

2. Section 1 Landforms and Resources NEXT 6 slides

3. Mountains and Highlands SECTION 1 Continued... Landforms and Resources The Andes Mountains Andes Mountains—South American range along western side of continent -once home to Inca civilization in Peru; has many active volcanoes NEXT Highlands Highlands—mountainous or hilly areas of country -Guiana Highlands, Brazilian Highlands #6

4. Plains for Grain and Livestock Llanos of Colombia and Venezuela Llanos—grassy, treeless areas used for livestock grazing, farming SECTION 1 Plains of Amazon River Basin Cerrado—flat savannas with moderate rainfall, good for farming Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay Pampas—areas of grassland, rich soil, used for cattle and wheat NEXT #5

6. SECTION 1 Central American Rivers Central America, Caribbean are bordered by water and have fewer river systems -Rio Grande forms border between U.S. and Mexico The Amazon and Other Rivers Continued... Orinoco River Orinoco River—1,500 miles through northern South America to Atlantic -flows partly along Venezuela-Colombia border and drains interior lands NEXT #4

7. SECTION 1 Amazon River Amazon River—flows 4,000 miles, from west to east, to Atlantic -branches start in Andes -fed by over 1,000 tributaries -carries more water than next seven largest rivers in the world combined continued The Amazon and Other Rivers Continued... NEXT Paraná River Paraná River—3,000 miles, starts in Brazilian highlands Estuary—wide lower course of river where its current is met by tides #3

9. SECTION 1 Columbus and the West Indies West Indies: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles Major Islands of the Caribbean Bahamas Hundreds of islands off southern Florida, north of Cuba -Nassau is largest city and capital Continued... NEXT The Greater Antilles Larger islands in Caribbean: Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola (Haiti & Dominican Republic), Puerto Rico The Lesser Antilles Smaller islands southeast of Puerto Rico #2

11. Resources of Latin America SECTION 1 Mineral Resources Gold, silver, iron, copper, bauxite (aluminum ore), lead, nickel, precious gems, tin, titanium, tungsten South America is a world leader in mining, exporting raw materials Continued... NEXT Energy Resources Oil, coal, natural gas, uranium, hydroelectric power are plentiful #1

12. Copper Mine in Chile

13. Activity You and a partner will create a rhyme or mnemonic device to help remember the differences in locations between Llanos, Cerrado, and Pampas. Remember, Llanos- Colombia and Venezuela, Cerrado- Brazil, and Pampas- Argentina and Uruguay.

14. Section 2 Climate and Vegetation NEXT 5 slides

15. A Varied Climate and Vegetation Reasons for the Variety VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!!! Latin America’s broad range of climate, and vegetation due to 3 factors: -it spans great distances on either side of the equator -it has big changes in elevation due to the mountains -its climate’s affected by both warm Atlantic waters and cold Pacific waters Climate and Vegetation SECTION 2 NEXT #5

16. Tropical Climate Zones Tropical Wet Rain forests—dense forests, hot and rainy all year Largest is Brazil’s Amazon rain forest with 2 million square miles, 2,500 types of Amazon trees -cures for all types of diseases could be there, provides oxygen for the world. SECTION 2 Continued... NEXT Tropical Wet and Dry Savannas found in Brazil, Colombia, Argentina and are hot with seasonal rain #4

18. Dry Climate Zones Semiarid Dry climate with some rain -home to vast, grass-covered plains or desert shrubs, mostly found in Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina SECTION 2 Desert Found in north Mexico, coast of Peru, north Chile’s Atacama Desert NEXT #3

19. The Atacama Desert in Chile with the Andes in the background.

20. Mid-Latitude Climate Zones Humid Subtropical Rainy winters and hot, humid summers; varied vegetation -parts of Paraguay, Uruguay, south Brazil and Bolivia, north Argentina SECTION 2 Mediterranean Hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters -vegetation is chaparral (drought-resistant trees) -this is the climate of part of Chile along the west coast Continued... NEXT #2

21. SECTION 2 Marine West Coast Cool, rainy winters and mild, rainy summers; forest vegetation. This occurs in southern Chile and Argentina continued Mid-Latitude Climate Zones Highlands Varies from moderate to cold due to elevation, wind, sun, landscape, mostly found in mountains NEXT #1

22. Section 3 Human-Environment Interaction NEXT 5 slides

23. Agriculture Reshapes the Environment Slash-and-Burn Slash-and-burn—cut trees, brush, grass; burn debris to clear fields -used by native peoples and today by poor farmers in Amazon basin Human-Environment Interaction SECTION 3 Terraced Farming Terraced farming—step-like farm fields cut into mountains, hillsides NEXT #5

24. Slash and Burn in Brazil

25. SECTION 3 From Country to City Highly urbanized countries: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Brazil Urbanization- Poor people move to cities to improve their lives Push/Pull Factors- reasons why people move Urbanization: The Move to the Cities Rapidly Growing Cities Most populous city in Latin America is Mexico City -9 million in city, 21 million in greater metropolitan area #4

26. SECTION 3 Rapidly Growing Cities Similar problems affect cities throughout the region -growing slums -increasing unemployment and crime -environmental problems include air pollution, drinking water shortages Governments can’t afford facilities to support population increases, end up with failing infrastructure continued Urbanization: The Move to the Cities NEXT #3

27. Tourism: Positive and Negative Impacts Advantages of Tourism Tourists spend money on souvenirs, trips, restaurants -regional ports serve cruise ships -residents work in restaurants, resorts, hotels, guide tours and activities Helps reduce income gap between rich and poor SECTION 3 #2

28. Disadvantages of Tourism create congestion, pollution Gap between rich tourists and poor residents creates dislike Local governments run up debt to build tourist facilities #1

29. A cruise ship docks alongside a floating market in Otrobanda, on the Caribbean island of Curaçao.