1. The Holocaust

2. I.Nuremburg Laws  anti-Jewish legislation, initiated in 1935  marriage restrictions (1935)  stripped Jews of German citizenship (1935)  business & job restrictions (1938)  forbidden to use the RR (1940)  yellow Star of David identification band (1939)

3. II.Kristallnacht – Nov. 9-10, 1938  “Night of Broken Glass”  a pogrom that attacked synagogues, businesses & homes  carried out by the SS & Nazi party officers  91 Jews killed; 30,000 arrested & sent to concentration camps  led to heightened emigration from the Reich – 115,000 Jews in 10 months

9. III. The Camps  Concentration Camps  1 st concentration camp – Dachau – opened in 1933  primarily for political prisoners, homosexuals & Jehovah’s Witnesses  Jews were not housed in concentration camps until the death marches of January & February 1945

10.  Labor Camps  were attached to either concentration camps or death camps  provided slave labor  provided 20% of Germany’s labor force by mid-1944  see map, p. 826  http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_nm.php?ModuleId=10005143& MediaId=7827 http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_nm.php?ModuleId=10005143& MediaId=7827

11.  Death Camps  six specific facilities, all located in occupied Poland  became operational in 1941-42 as part of the Final Solution  were created to murder Jews  1 st death camp: Chelmno (near Lodz, Poland)  Einsatzgruppen – led by Reinhard Heydrich  mobile killing units (esp. active in the USSR) – see map, p. 826

12. IV.Liberation  by 1942, there were rumors of the camps, but their existence was not common knowledge  1 st liberation was at Majdanek (near Lublin, Poland) – July 24, 1944  Auschwitz liberated Jan. 29, 1945  liberation experiences – East vs. West  see handout  “The things I saw beggar description.” – Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower