1. Turn in your enzyme lab from yesterday into the box in the back. Pick up handout from back and fill out what you know. SHOW ME your homework (graphic organizer) for credit NOW! Take out your notebook and turn to the page where it contains the proteins notes 

2. Atoms – C,H,O,P Monomers – glycerol & fatty acids Polymers – none Macromolecule – lipids – Triglyceride (1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids) – Phospholipids (1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids) – Wax – Steroid Job – provide structure & long term energy.

3. Atoms – C,H,O,P,N Monomers – nucleotides (phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base) – Nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine & uracil Polymers – none Macromolecule – nucleic acids – DNA & RNA Job – store and transmit genetic information.

4. Atoms – C,H,O, (1:2:1 ratio) C 6 H 12 O 6 Monomers – monosaccharide C 6 H 12 O 6 – Glucose, galactose & fructose Polymers – disaccharide – Sucrose, maltose and lactose Macromolecule – carbohydrate – Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin Job – store & provide “quick” energy & provide structure

5. Atoms – C,H,O,N Monomers – amino acid (20 different types) Polymers – amino acid + amino acid = dipeptide Macromolecule – protein – Keratin, collagen, catalase, insulin, hemoglobin Job – Too many! 250,000 – one million different types of protein in the human body! 8 categories: – S3CDETT – structural, storage, signal, contractile, defense, enzymes, transport, transcript

6. Explain the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates. Use the simplest sugar or the monosaccharide. All carbohydrates contain the atoms – C,H,O, All carbohydrates will have (1:2:1 ratio) C 6 H 12 O 6 The monomers, monosaccharide have the simplest ratio - C 6 H 12 O 6 – Examples include : Glucose, galactose & fructose

7. Regarding its structure, how is a saturated fatty acid different from a unsaturated fatty acid? From a polyunsaturated fatty acid? S s S Saturated fatty acids have carbons connected to other carbons with a single bond. Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

8. Unsaturated fatty acids have at least 1 double bond joining one carbon to another carbon. Unsaturated fatty acids are not solid at room temperature. Polyunsaturated have MANY double bonds in the fatty acid chain. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature.

9. The monomers of nucleic acid are nucleotides. A nucleotide has 3 components. Explain how adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil influences the nucleotide. The 3 components are phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base can be one of the following: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil

10. An amino acid has 5 components. What are the five components. Also explain how it is possible that the human body may have almost a million different types of protein. An amino acid is composed of an amine group, hydrogen, carboxyl group, central carbon and a “R” group. 20 different amino acids…

11. There are 8 different categories of proteins. Identify them and explain the function of each category. S3CDETT – “S” – storage: This type of proteins are found in seeds and eggs. Provides a source of amino acids for developing plants and animals. – “S” – signal: This type of proteins are responsible for cell communication. Includes insulin & other hormones – “C” – contractile: found mostly in muscle; Responsible for movement. Includes actin and myosin – “D” – defense: Proteins used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. Example includes antibiodies – “E” – enzymes: biological catalysis that speed up chemical reactions. – “T” – transport: Proteins involvement in the movement of ions, molecules and macromolecules.

12. Look for this handout for more information about proteins!

13. 1 + 2  3 3 + 8  11 dehydration “building” molecules is called dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction. H 2 O Monosaccharide + monosaccharide  disacchriade + H 2 O H 2 O Amino acid + Amino acid  dipepetide + H 2 O

14. 9  5 + 4 20  11 + 9 “breaking” molecules is called hydrolysis or digestion. H 2 O disacchriade + H 2 O  Monosaccharide + monosaccharide H 2 O dipepetide + H 2 O  Amino acid + Amino acid

15. Tomorrow – QUIA class work time (20 minutes)… make index card – Pop quiz: no notes – temperature check for exam (will count as quiz grade) (20 minutes) – Project work day (50 minutes) – Website update Past due – input this afternoon due – Friday… exam day!