1. Unit 2 Short Stories

2. Take out a sheet of paper and create the following chart: Unit 2: Short Stories Learning Goal: 4.0 3.0 (Target)**Same as learning goal** 2.0 Where I am right now on the scale?

3. Learning Goal Students will be able to write an original short story using a variety of narrative techniques as well as effective details and a well-structured sequence of events.

4. Learning Scale – 4.0 – 3.0 (target & learning goal) – 2.0

5. 4.0 – Students will be able to write an original and compelling short story effectively using a variety of narrative techniques as well as thought-provoking details, vivid descriptions, and a well-structured sequence of events that heightens the reader’s interest.

6. 3.0 Target – Students will be able to write an original short story using a variety of narrative techniques as well as effective details and a well-structured sequence of events.

7. 2.0 - Students will be able to write a somewhat original short story using some narrative techniques and details, and a partial sequence of events.

8. Where are you on the scale? – Please rate yourself on your knowledge of short stories and explain why… – Ex: I’m a 2.5 because….

9. Bellwork 11/12/15

10. English 9 Today’s Agenda: No Bellwork Reviewing Elements of a Story **Grab your Springboard book** Friday, November 13 th, 2015

11. Reviewing the Elements of a Story SB 2.2 Pg. 89-90

12. Learning Targets O Identify the elements of a short story and place them on a plot diagram. O Create characters and conflicts for an original short story.

13. FICTION: FICTION: made up or imagined; may be based on real experiences, but the story is created in the mind of the writer.  short stories: are brief narratives, with carefully limited action that allows the writer to focus on one main plot complication.  novels: extended works of fiction that are usually organized into segments called chapters. Novels may include subplots in addition to the main story line and may explore a number of characters in depth.

14. Elements of a Short Story / Narrative O Narrative: includes fiction and nonfiction stories. O Fiction: made-up/imagined story O Nonfiction: real-life story O Short Story: A work of fiction including certain literary elements.

15. Elements of Plot O PLOT: is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows the arrangement of events and actions within a story.

16. O EXPOSITION: This is the opening or beginning of the story. It is the introduction of: * SETTING * CHARACTERS * CONFLICT O RISING ACTION: events occur that complicate the plot; characters struggle with the conflict (the problem in a story) O Foreshadowing: hints or clues that suggest future action O Flashback : an interruption in plot events to relate an earlier event

17. CONFLICT: CONFLICT: The STRUGGLE between two forces. O character vs. CHARACTER O character vs. NATURE O character vs. SOCIETY external conflict external conflict : a struggle between the protagonist and some outside force. O Character vs. self internal conflict: internal conflict: a struggle which takes place in the protagonist’s mind and through which the character reaches a new understanding or change.

18. O CLIMAX: the point of greatest interest or suspense in a story; the turning point, when the action reaches its peak and the outcome of the conflict is decided O FALLING ACTION: the events between the climax and the resolution. O Resolution/DENOUEMENT: The end of the story, when the conflict is resolved and loose ends are tied up

19. Think-Pair-Share Work with your shoulder buddy to brainstorm the five elements of plot. Jot them down in the My Notes section and then transfer them onto the plot diagram. (Write with pencil!) Exposition: characters and setting are introduced Rising Action: characters struggle with conflict; plot complicates Climax: the point of greatest interest or suspense Falling Action: the events between the climax and resolution Resolution/Denouement: conflict resolved; loose ends tied up Conflict

20. Verify Terms O Verify: to prove or confirm that something is true. How could we verify…..  Your time of birth  Your guidance counselor  What classes you need to graduate O Discuss, then verify, the bold terms on page 90 (10 total).

21. Review: Elements of a Story O Characters – the people, animals, or imaginary creatures that take part in the action of the story O Main character or protagonist - the central character, the one who is involved in the main conflict of the story and the one who moves the actions along O Minor characters - secondary characters whose thoughts, words, or actions also move the action of the story along O THEME: The central idea or main message about life. The theme can be stated directly or implied by the events and actions in the story. Theme is the reason the author wrote the story!!!

22. Literary Elements O Point of View – the perspective from which a narrative is told O Irony – a literary device that exploits readers’ expectations when expected occurrences are different from what actually happens O Imagery – verbal expression of sensory experience; imagery is created by details that appeal to one or more of the five senses O Figurative Language – images such as metaphors and similes that describe one thing in terms of another; not meant to be taken literally O Symbol – any object, animal, event, person, or place that represents itself but also stands for something else on a figurative level O Allusion – a reference to a well-known person, event, or place from history, music, art, or another literary work

23. Bellwork—11/16/15 Literary Elements –pg. 90 O Point of View – the perspective from which a narrative is told O Irony – a literary device that exploits readers’ expectations when expected occurrences are different from what actually happens O Imagery – verbal expression of sensory experience; imagery is created by details that appeal to one or more of the five senses O Figurative Language – images such as metaphors and similes that describe one thing in terms of another; not meant to be taken literally O Symbol – any object, animal, event, person, or place that represents itself but also stands for something else on a figurative level O Allusion – a reference to a well-known person, event, or place from history, music, art, or another literary work

24. Planning for a Story O Create a main character- name them. O What two characteristics does this character have? O What will your internal and external conflicts be?

25. Springboard 2.3 Experimenting with Point of View

26. Learning Targets Identify and discuss the effect of the point of view from which a story is told. Choose an appropriate point of view for an original short story.

27. Comparing Points of View Examine and discuss the differences among the following three points of view. First Person: Third-Person Limited: Third-Person Omniscient:

28. Point of View THREE TYPES OF POINT OF VIEW: First Person: The narrator is a character in the story and refers to himself or herself as “I” Third Person: This narrator is a character in the story and provides the reader inside thoughts of only one character but none of the thoughts of any of the other characters. Look for these pronouns: he, she, it, they. Third Person Omniscient: This type of narrator is not a character, but is all-knowing and is able to recount the background and inside thoughts and feelings of any character. Remember: “all knowing.”

29. Comparing Points of View Determine which point of view is modeled in the passages below. Then try to define the important characteristics of that point of view. 1. I ran into my ex-girlfriend Lisa. I did not want to see her again. She always wants to get back with me, and I just want to move on.

30. Comparing Points of View Determine which point of view is modeled in the passages below. Then try to define the important characteristics of that point of view. 1. John was pained to see Lisa coming around the corner. He worried that she might still want to get back together. 2.

31. Comparing Points of View Determine which point of view is modeled in the passages below. Then try to define the important characteristics of that point of view. 1. John ran into Lisa at the convenience store. He mistook her good humor and friendliness as a desire to get back together with him. Lisa smiled at John, happy to tell him that she was newly engaged. 3.

32. Comparing Points of View Now, use your understanding of point of view to transform each excerpt on the next page into the other points of view. Work in pairs to discuss and transform the texts. 1. After you and your partner have transformed the point of view, take turns reading your rewrites to each other. 2. Provide feedback to each other by studying the rewrites and answering this question: What parts of the response make it the correct point of view?

33. Excerpt #1 Third-Person Limited: The city skyline covered the horizon. From the balcony of her high-priced apartment that she shared with Jake, Sarah looked out and wondered if she was happy. Something seemed to be missing. Jake looked over to her and Sarah looked away quickly, hoping that she had not given away her private thoughts. First Person: Third-Person Omniscient:

34. Excerpt #1 First Person: I watched the sun sink behind the high-rise buildings. I sighed heavily and looked away when Jake tried to make eye contact. I couldn’t bear to talk to him right now. Third-Person Omniscient: Sarah and Jake sat side by side on the balcony of their apartment at sunset. He was reading and she was staring off into space. Though the physical distance between them was small, the emotional distance had never been greater.

35. Excerpt #2 Third-Person Omniscient: The robber looked over potential prey for the evening. They all seemed like easy marks for him. Who would it be, he wondered. Feeling someone’s eyes on her pocketbook, Jane held it closer to her body. She would not be robbed again, after that last time. First Person: Third-Person Limited:

36. Excerpt #2 First Person: I scanned the shoppers in the mall from my vantage point on the bench. I looked for low-slung purses that were loosely riding on the shoulders of women who had many packages. Third-Person Limited: Jane felt she was being watched, and scanned the crowd suspiciously, uncomfortable in the close confines of a crowded mall. She noticed one young man get up from the bench and move quickly into the crowd of shoppers.

37. Check Your Understanding Point of view is an element of style that authors consciously choose. With another student, answer the following questions regarding point of view. 1. Which point of view gives the most information about the actions and feelings of the characters? Why? 2. Which is most limited? Why? 3. Why would an author choose to tell a story in first person? In third-person limited? In third-person omniscient?

38. Bellwork 11/16/15 – In 6-8 sentences please tell me 3 words that describe you right now and why…. Reminders: Journals are due in 2 weeks!!

39. Writing a Short Story Writing prompt: Return to the conflicts and characters that you created in Activity 2.2. Write an opening to a story that presents the character, the conflict(s), and/or the setting using the point of view that you think would be best to narrate the story. Be sure to include the following: A central conflict that will drive the events of the story and develop the character. An internal or external conflict for the main character. A consistent point of view. An introduction to the main character through description of appearance, actions, and voice.

40. Writing a Short Story Once you have written the opening, return to the plot diagram and use it to outline a plan of rising action for your story. What sequence of events could occur to move your character to the climax of the story?