1. Factors of Climate L ATITUDE C ONTINENTALITY E LEVATION M OUNTAIN BARRIERS/OROGRAPHIC EFFECT P REVAILING WINDS Most climates will have some combination of these factors. 8

2. L ATITUDE - temperature This is a major control on temperature. Low Latitude (Tropical) climates are hot High Latitude (Polar) climates are cold Mid-latitude climates can be frosty or cold and snowy 9

3. 16 As latitude ______, the average annual temperature _________ L ATITUDE - temperature L ATITUDE - precipitation One cause for arid areas is the dry air which falls about ____ north or south of the equator.

4. C ONTINENTALITY - temperature Temperatures in the interior of a large land mass will change more with the seasons than the temperatures along the coast. Temperatures may be moderated by the ocean 17

5. C ONTINENTALITY 22 Water _________ the temperature. This causes ______ summers and ______winters. Continentality can __________ inland precipitation. increase/decrease

6. E LEVATION Generally, the higher the elevation, the cooler the temperature. Air expands as it rises Expanding air gets cooler As a general rule, temperature goes down 3-5° F when you go up a thousand feet. 23

7. E LEVATION As elevation___________, the average annual temperature ________________ 27

8. M OUNTAIN BARRIERS (orographic effect) This is not so much about mountains as their “rain shadow” effect on the areas down wind from the mountains. 28

9. M OUNTAIN BARRIERS Windward Side: Leeward Side: 31

10. 32 Wind blowing across a large body of water onto land will moderate the temperature of the land resulting in coastal climates. PREVAILING WINDS

11. 36 The Westerlies blowing across the ocean will moderate the climate on the ____________ side of the land. This will make the interior of the continent have a__________ range of temperature and precipitation. higher/lower PREVAILING WINDS

12. Many activities in the Big Ideas resource include information and tasks that teach aspects of climate. Australia Africa Russia China South America Here are a few places you can find them: 37