1. The Factors the Affect Climate: L.A.C.E. M.O.P.S.
Acronym
There are a great deal of discussion slides. Can take up to 2 days and do the discussions or go quickly w/o discussions and complete in 1 day.

2. Forces that create the climate of a certain location: LACEMOPS
Forces that create the climate of a certain location: LACEMOPS. Place one of each of these letters in your boxes created by folding the manilla paper. L A C E M O P S
Students can guess what each letter stands for as you get to it in the lecture.

3. Terms to Know Fold your paper in half 3 times to create 8 boxes necessary to record the information in this lesson. Use one side record each of these vocab terms & definitions.
Rotation/1 day takes the earth 24 hours (1 day) to make one complete rotation on it’s AXIS.
Revolution/1 year Takes the earth 365 ¼ days (1 year) to make one complete revolution around the SUN
Weather – The DAILY condition of the atmosphere.
Climate – Weather conditions over TIME.
Precipitation – Moisture that falls from the sky: rain, snow, sleet, & hail.
Most scientists say you need at least 30 years of weather records to be able to make a decision about climate type.

4. L = Latitude
Closer you are to the equator, the warmer it gets. This is due to the way in which the suns rays hits the surface of the earth. Distance from the equator is one of the most important factors when determining climate

5. Latitude: Zones Notes: High: Polar climates. One Season: COLD
Middle: Temperate Climates
4 Seasons: Winter, Summer, Spring, Fall
Low: Tropical Climates
2 Seasons: Rainy, Dry
Students should write the seasons for each of the 3 climate zones in the “latitude” square

6. Draw this picture: Which zones are high, middle, and low
Draw this picture: Which zones are high, middle, and low? Label them on the side.

7. Here are the zones on a map with the continents too.

9. Which one do you think is closer to the equator? Why?
Take a moment to compare the temperatures of Mangalore, India & Memphis, Tennessee.
Which one do you think is closer to the equator? Why?
Talking points, not to write down.
Mangalore is closer because their temperature has less variation. Low latitudes
Memphis experiences the 4 seasons b/c it is locates in the mid latitudes.

10. A is for Air Masses

11. Air Masses Notes: Northern hemisphere =
cold air from the polar regions comes from the north
hot air from the tropics comes from the south.
Southern hemisphere =
cold air from the polar region comes from the south
hot air from the tropics comes from the north.
Basically regarding the direction of air masses and where they are coming from
An air mass is a large (usually thousands of miles across) volume of air where the temperature is the same across horizontal bands. To a lesser extent the amount of humidity is similar across these bands too.

12. Draw these two maps and lable them “USA” and “Austrailia”
Draw these two maps and lable them “USA” and “Austrailia”. Draw the air mass arrows and label them “hot air” and “cold air”. What is different about the direction in each of these maps?
Discussion:
Refer back to the info in slide 11 regarding the direction of air masses.

13. Here are air masses projected on North America and part of South America.

14. C is for Continentality

15. Definition: the effect of a location on the continent
Continentality
Definition: the effect of a location on the continent
Water moderates climate. To moderate means to make milder: not as hot or cold.
Water takes longer to heat and cool than land. So locations near water don’t heat up or cool down quickly. Consequently, the temperature doesn’t vary as much during the year. No hot, hot summers or cold, cold winters.
Since land DOES heat up and cool quickly, areas inland from the coast will be hotter in the summer and colder in the winter than areas with the same latitude on the coast.

16. Continentiality Notes:
Land that is close to large body of water = smaller difference in temperature
Land that is further away from a large body of water = greater difference in temperature.

17. Question about Contnentialy
Why is there so little difference between summer and winter along the coast of California?
What is the difference between summer and winter in Kansas? In tems of continentiality, why?
California is close to a large body of water that takes a long time to heat and cool. Less variation in temperature.
Kansas is further away from what so it has a big variation in seasons

18. E is for Elevation

19. ELEVATION Notes: The higher you go, the colder it gets.
As you go up in elevation, the air gets thinner and does not trap heat.
Are there glaciers on the equator in Africa??
YES! There is a giant glacier on the equator in Africa. Equator is warm, but due to high elevation it is cold enough for a glacier (though it is melting rapidly)
This cooling effect of elevation stems from low atmospheric pressure -- with less air to push down on the mountains, the air molecules spread out and lose energy.
The formula for vertical climate: the temperature decreases 3.5°F for every 1,000 ft of elevation.

20. Elevation
Remember: elevation affects climate and climate affects the type of vegetation . (Draw this chart with 7 different lines)

21. Elevation affects the type of natural vegetation & crops that grow in a region.

22. In this photo, you can see the timberline-the highest point on a mountain that trees can survive.

23. M is for Mountain Barriers

24. MOUNTAIN BARRIERS (Also known as: the Rain Shadow Effect)
Notes:
Winds blow across the ocean & push moisture inland.
Moisture clouds reach the mountains, get “popped” by the mountain top & rains on the coastal side
By the time this cloud reaches the other side of the mountains, the air is dry.
Wind directions are opposite in South America as winds come from across the Atlantic, thus the Amazon, but West of the Andes, you have the Atacama desert on the Pacific Ocean.

25. Mountain Barriers: Rain Shadow Draw this chart

26. O is for Ocean Currents

27. Ocean Currents
Notes:
Cold currents create dry conditions on the coast.
Warm currents create wet conditions on the coast.

28. Physical Map of Africa
Ocean Currents
Draw shape of Africa using the physical map above. Now add the ocean current arrows and label them warm and cold. Using both maps above, how do you explain the existence of the desert region of southwestern Africa?

29. OCEAN CURRENTS
The UK & Europe are on the same line of latitude as Canada.
Do they experience the same climate? NO
North Atlantic Drift = warm current that flows up from the equator & and keeps Europe warmer than it should be at that latitude
La Nina & El Nino – brings flood to the US & effects hurricane season.

30. P is for Pressure and Prevailing Winds

31. Pressure
Notes:
Pressure systems blow from areas of high pressure to low pressure centers.
At the Equator and at both lines of 60 degrees latitude, the air is rising. Where air rises, you get rain, so those areas tend to be humid.
Pressure systems blow from areas of high pressure to low pressure centers.
At the Equator and at both lines of 60 latitude, the air is rising. Where air rises, you get rain, so those areas tend to be humid.

32. Here is what it looks like on a weather map.

33. Wind and the Coriolis Effect
Write down the Definition: The Earth’s winds would blow in straight lines, but since the earth rotates they are turned at an angle. The effect causes the winds to bend in different directions.
Wind and the Coriolis Effect
PreAP Time permitting

34. Cyclonic storms (hurricanes & typhoons) Northern Hemisphere spin counter-clockwise. Southern Hemisphere cyclones spin clockwise. This is due to wind blowing different directions.
PreAp time permitting. Informative, but prob not necesssary
Southern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere

35. S is for Storms

36. Storms Notes: Storms occur where …. polar winds meet westerly winds
when hot & cold air masses collide

37. Storm Tracks: List the different types of storms.
Hurricane
Flood
Blizzard
Tornado
Thunderstorm
Cyclone

38. P ressure & Prevailing Winds S torms
L atitude
A ir Masses
C ontinentality
E levation
M ountain Barriers
O cean Currents
P ressure & Prevailing Winds
S torms .