1. Veterinary Science Safety & Sanitation

2. Why is the knowledge of safety & sanitation important in veterinary medicine? Potentially hazardous situations working with animals Hazardous chemicals, animal wastes & x-rays

3. OSHA Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) Regulates & monitors employee safety in the work place Developed guidelines: Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) “Right to know” MSDS

4. MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet Includes 8 sections: 1.Manufacturer Information 2.Hazard Ingredients/ Identity Information 3.Physical/ Chemical Characteristics 4.Fire and Explosion Hazard Data 5.Reactivity Data 6.Health Hazard Data 7.Precautions for Safe Handling and Use 8.Control Measures

5. MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet Manufacturers must provide one for every chemical Employers must provide training: Hazards of specific chemicals Use of protective clothing How to use MSDS

6. Most common type of injury in vet hospital Animal injuries – bites, kicking, scratches Back injuries – improperly lifting heavy objects or animals Falls on wet floors Exposure to x-rays Wear proper clothing & footwear, learn animal behavior, handling & restraint techniques. Physical Hazards

7. Chemical Hazards Drugs Cleaning agents Insecticides Anesthetic gases Many are used routinely Can cause damage to skin, eyes, lungs Some may cause abortions and/or fetal abnormalities

8. Living tissue and organisms Blood Urine Live vaccines Medical waste that has had contact with living tissue (urine soaked blankets, bandage material, etc.) Needles and scalpels “Sharps” Biological hazards

9. Medical wastes must be sterilized, incinerated, or chemically disinfected before they are disposed of. Gloves & protective clothing should be worn when handling biohazards Biological hazards

10. Zoonotic hazards Any disease that can be passed from animals to humans Viruses, bacteria, parasites & fungi can cause zoonotic diseases

11. Zoonotic hazards Viruses Rabies (Hydrophobia) Sleeping Sickness (Encephalitis) Bacteria Cat Scratch Fever Leptospirosis Salmonellosis Brucellosis Anthrax Tuberculosis Parasites Sarcoptic mange Toxoplasmosis Visceral Larva Migrans (Toxocariasis) Creeping Eruption (Ancylostomiasis) Fungus Ringworm

12. Preventing spread of diseases Vaccinate animals & humans Proper waste disposal Isolate infected animals Proper handling of infected animals Proper sanitation of hospital Hand washing Wearing protective clothing

13. Safety signs & equipment Danger Radioactive Biohazard Dosimeter Lead Gloves Back Brace Wet Floor Lead Apron

14. Drug Use and safety 1970: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention & Control Act Title II: Controlled Substances Act Regulate the manufacture & distribution of drugs Must keep drugs in a locked container that only approved people have access to Daily Log

15. Drug Schedules Schedule I: no medical use – high abuse Heroin, Methaqualone, LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, Marijuana, Hashish, Hash Oil, amphetamine variants. Schedule II: accepted medical use – high abuse Dilaudid, Demerol, Methadone, Cocaine, PCP, Morphine, and cannabis, amphetamine and barbiturate types. Schedule III: accepted medical use – medium abuse Opium, Vicodan, Tylenol w/codine, and narcotic, amphetamine and barbiturate types. Schedule IV: accepted medical use – low abuse Darvocet, Xanax, Valium, Halcyon, Ambien, Ativan, barbiturate types. Schedule V: accepted medical use – very low abuse Lomotil, Phenergan, liquid suspensions.

16. Sanitation-process of keeping something free of any elements that would endanger health. Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc. Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on nonliving things by physical or chemical means Types of Sanitation

17. Sterilizing – destroying ALL microorganisms and viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat under pressure Antiseptics – solutions that destroy microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue Types of Sanitation

18. Alcohols – ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol Aldehydes – gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde Chlorine – bleach Iodine and Iodophors – Betadine, iodine Quaternary ammonias – Centrimide, Quatsyl-D Commonly Used chemicals

19. Effective against gram positive & gram negative bacteria Irritating to tissues Alcohol

20. Effective against gram positive & negative bacteria, fungi & most viruses Irritating & toxic to tissues ALdehydes

21. Effective against gram positive & negative bacteria, fungi & most viruses Irritating & toxic to tissues Cheapest, most effective chemical disinfectant Chlorine

22. Effective against gram positive & negative bacteria & fungi Stains & irritates tissues Iodine & Iodophors

23. Effective against gram positive & negative bacteria, some fungi & some viruses Deodorizes Quaternary Ammonias

24. Physical cleaning – using a chemical with a mop or sponge Cold sterilization – soaking items in a disinfectant chemical until they are used Dry heat – incinerating an object or exposing it to flame Radiation – using ultraviolet or gamma rays, expensive & dangerous Filtration – removing particles from the air using a physical barrier Ultrasound – passing high frequency sound waves through a solution to create a vibration that scrubs an object to remove debris Autoclave – a sealed chamber in which objects are exposed to heat and steam under pressure Methods of Sanitation