1. Byzantine Empire

3. Constantinople Capital of Byzantine Empire (330 CE)
Crossroads of trade between Europe and Asia
Further from Germanic invasions
Easily protected
Walls of Constantinople

4. Culture
Combination of Greek, Roman, Christian and Middle Eastern influences
Greco-Roman culture preserved in libraries
Greek writings
Roman Law

5. Orthodox Christianity
Nicene Creed 325 CE
resolve disputes to establish
“true” Christianity
Trinity
Father, Son and Holy Ghost
Constantine’s involvement undermines authority of Pope

6. Orthodox Christianity
Western Church-Catholic
Eastern Church-Orthodox
Centered in Rome
Centered in Constantinople
Latin language
Greek language
Priests cannot marry
Worship of icons
Pope is head of church
Does NOT recognize authority of Pope
SCHISM CE
Separation of Eastern and Western Churches
Pope Leo IX
Patriarch Michael I

8. Eastern Roman Empire = Byzantine Empire
Emperor Justinian CE
Reconquered Africa & Italy
Wants to recreate Roman Empire
Expands trade
Justinian’s Code
Codified Roman law
Basis of European law

9. Art & Architecture Hagia Sophia Church Great Cathedral Dome
Built by Justinian
Mosaic
Painting made of small pieces fitted together

10. Byzantine Mosaics

11. BYZANTINE MOSAIC

12. Later Byzantine Empire

13. Problems! Too much territory to protect
Rise of powerful Islamic Empire
Takes territory in Middle East
Schism (Church split) – 1054 CE
Seljuk Turks take Turkey
Byzantine Emperor asks Europe for help

14. Fall 4th Crusade - 1204 1453 Attack Constantinople Byzantine Empire is
weakened and small
1453
Ottoman Turks sack Constantinople
Became capital of Ottoman Empire (Istanbul)
After the fall of Constantinople, Mehmed II fights against Vlad Dracula from 1462 to 1476!

15. Byzantine Empire animated map!

16. Influence on Russia Trade Spread of Orthodox Christianity
Cyrillic alphabet (St. Cyril)
Architecture and art

17. The Rise of Russia

18. Importance of Geography
Steppe provides a natural highway for nomads
Network of rivers provide transportation and led to trade, particularly with the Byzantine Empire
Kiev is located at the center of trade among the Vikings, Slavs, and Byzantines

19. Viking (arctic)
Slavic (steppe)
Byzantine

20. Influence of Byzantine Culture (9th-10th centuries CE)
Byzantine culture influence is possible because of trade routes linking the Baltic and Black Sea.
Prince Vladimir adopts Orthodox Christianity, and Russia spreads it to much of Eastern Europe.
St. Cyril adapts the Greek alphabet to the Slavic language, thus, creating the Cyrillic alphabet, which enables Slavs to read the Bible

21. Cyrillic Language

22. Church Architecture and Religious Art
Onion-shaped domed churches, modification of Byzantine domes.
Icons and mosaics used as decoration for buildings
St. Basil’s Cathedral – Moscow

23. Mongol Conquest – 13th century
Golden Horde, led by Ghengis Khan, conquers early Russia.
Massive destruction occurs at Kiev
Russia in a state of decline and cut off from Western Europe under Mongol rule
Moscow grows in importance after Kiev destruction
Church grows more powerful, since the Mongols tolerate the Eastern Orthodox Church
Trade routes between China and Eastern Europe open up.

24. Russia Emerges – 15th -16th centuries
Princes gain more power under Mongol rule and adapt Mongol leadership model of absolute rule
Ivan the Great rejects Mongol rule and unites Russia
Ivan the Great (Ivan III) takes the title czar.
Moscow becomes the capital (“Third Rome”)

25. Ivan IV = Ivan the Terrible
He limited the privileges of boyars, wealthy landowners, and gave land instead to nobles in exchange for their military and other service.
At a time when the manor system was fading in Western Europe, he instituted a new policy that made poor farmers into serfs (peasants) on nobles’ lands.
When he suspected anyone of disloyalty, he had them slaughtered by agents called oprichniki, who wore black and rode black horses.
His policies created a tradition of authoritarian rule, which continued in Russia well into the twentieth century.

26. Thanks for the alphabet! Latin is better than Greek.
Kiev
Moscow
The End
Thanks for the alphabet!
Moscow
Latin is better than Greek.
St.Cyril goes to Russia!