1. SS7CG2– The student will explain the structures of modern government in Africa SS7CG3 – The student will analyze how politics in Africa impacts the standard of living

2.  Compare the republican systems of government in the Republic of Kenya and the Republic of South Africa to the dictatorship of the Republic of the Sudan, distinguishing the form of leadership and role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms  Explain how political, economic and social conflicts resulted in the independence of South Sudan  Compare how various factors, including gender, affect access to education in Kenya and Sudan  Describe the impact of government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine across Africa

3.  What distinguishes the form of leadership, public voting procedures and personal freedoms the republican systems of government in the Republic of Kenya and the Republic of South Africa?  How does gender affect access to education in Kenya and Sudan?  What is the impact of government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine across Africa?

4.  After becoming free from the British, Kenya became a constitutional republic in 1963. The leader of Kenya is the president. Kenya has 3 branches of government, with the executive branch being the strongest. The president serves 5 years and has a cabinet. The legislative branch is the parliament and is unicameral body called the Bunge. Citizens of Kenya must be 18 years or older to vote, and all citizens have the basic freedoms of their constitution, such as freedom of expression, freedom of movement and freedom from discrimination. Citizens also are open to public schools, free press and public health services. KENYA – CONSTITUTIONAL REPUBLIC

5.  South Africa’s constitution as a free nation was ratified in 1999. The power in South Africa is between the executive and legislative branches, but there are three branches total. South Africa has a parliamentary democracy, with the legislative branch being bicameral. The houses are called the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces. They elect the president, who heads the executive branch. The president serves 5 years and up to two terms. The president has a cabinet as well. Citizens may vote at 18 years or older, and citizens are free from discrimination, have freedom of speech, religion, assembly and association. There is no slavery or forced labor allowed also. SOUTH AFRICA – PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY

6.  South Sudan currently has a Federal Republic after splitting with Sudan in 2011 after citizens voted to secede., or withdraw. The original country of Sudan was divided between Christians and Muslims. Northern Sudan was Muslim and ignored Christian Southern Sudan. Civil war broke out in Sudan several times from the 1950s until the 2000s. In 1989, dictator Omar al-Bashir took control of the country and put Islamic Law into power. In 2005, an agreement was signed in order to let South Sudan rule independently, and in 2011 South Sudan became an independent country. South Sudan now works on rebuilding and using oil to help bring income into the country. SOUTH SUDAN – FEDERAL REPUBLIC

7.  Kenya ◦ About 80% of city kids in Kenya attend school ◦ 50% of rural kids attend school  Lack of teachers, drinking water, supplies and buildings ◦ Kenyan education leans more towards boys than girls  Most girls are kept at home to tend to the house  Sudan ◦ 50% of Darfur kids and 75% of South Sudan kids have no education  Lack of buildings, supplies and textbooks ◦ Christian schools were closed and were replaced with Muslim schools ◦ Boys go to school longer than girls  Girls leave school at 10 to tend to their homes

8.  ¾ of the world’s AIDS population lives in Africa ◦ Many cases of AIDS involve children  African countries have a lack of funds to get proper healthcare and medicine  Civil wars in countries makes it hard to help with the epidemic  Botswana became one of the few countries to offer drug therapy to its citizens

9.  200 million Africans are experiencing hunger problems  Civil war and government issues have stopped farms and destroyed lands for food  Bad soil, insects, drought and AIDS are other issues that have caused famine  Many countries from across the world have tried to help by bringing in resources and food