1. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Describe the Southern economy and the plantation system.  Outline the development of slavery in the South. Section 1: The Southern Colonies

2. Ch 3 Vocabulary Quiz The voyage of slaves from Africa to America. The voyage of slaves from Africa to America. 19 Puritans were executed as a result of this. 19 Puritans were executed as a result of this. “Life, liberty, and property” “Life, liberty, and property” George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards were its leading revivalists. George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards were its leading revivalists. Proposed the Social Contract Theory of government in his book The Two Treatises on Government Proposed the Social Contract Theory of government in his book The Two Treatises on Government A person that contracted to work in America for a certain number of years in exchange for safe passage to America. A person that contracted to work in America for a certain number of years in exchange for safe passage to America. Religious revival of enthusiasm. Religious revival of enthusiasm. Tobacco, rice, and indigo. Tobacco, rice, and indigo. The exchange of goods from Africa, Europe and the Americas. The exchange of goods from Africa, Europe and the Americas. The theory that a country’s status was dependent on how much gold and silver it accumulated. The theory that a country’s status was dependent on how much gold and silver it accumulated. This forced the English colonies to trade with England. This forced the English colonies to trade with England. Colonists revolt against the state of Virginia over Indian attacks. Colonists revolt against the state of Virginia over Indian attacks. Movement in the 1700s that promoted science, knowledge, and reason. Movement in the 1700s that promoted science, knowledge, and reason.

3. Middle Passage Reading Like A Historian Document A Document A Portuguese textbook Portuguese textbook Probably less critical of Middle Passage Probably less critical of Middle Passage Emphasizes challenges of crew not Africans Emphasizes challenges of crew not Africans Document B Document B Philips is a slave ship captain Philips is a slave ship captain Emphasizes challenges of crew Emphasizes challenges of crew All about the $$. Slave dies hurts profits All about the $$. Slave dies hurts profits What does A and B corroborate? What does A and B corroborate? How do A and B contrast? How do A and B contrast? Philips gives more details about conditions Philips gives more details about conditions

4. Middle Passage Reading Like A Historian Document C Document C Contrast A and B Contrast A and B Far more details about brutal conditions Far more details about brutal conditions Describes below deck conditions, diseases and punishment Describes below deck conditions, diseases and punishment Why is his reliability in question? Why is his reliability in question? Later work with Anti-slavery Society Later work with Anti-slavery Society Document D Document D Corroborates Document C on conditions Corroborates Document C on conditions Diagram actually represents improvement in conditions!!! Diagram actually represents improvement in conditions!!!

5. Middle Passage Reading Like A Historian Document E Document E Does his story corroborate any of the previous documents? Does his story corroborate any of the previous documents? How are these 5 accounts of the Middle Passage similar? How are these 5 accounts of the Middle Passage similar? How are they different? How are they different? What are possible reasons for differences with these accounts? What are possible reasons for differences with these accounts? Which do you think are most reliable? Why? Which do you think are most reliable? Why?

6. The Southern Colonies

8. The Southern Economy Based on growing cash crops Based on growing cash crops MD, VA, NC- tobacco MD, VA, NC- tobacco SC, GA- lowcountry- rice SC, GA- lowcountry- rice 1740- Eliza Lucas Pinckney grows indigo 1740- Eliza Lucas Pinckney grows indigo Cash crops require intensive manual labor (need more laborers) Cash crops require intensive manual labor (need more laborers) Large land area (plantations) Large land area (plantations)

10. Indigo was used as a dye in ancient Rome and Egypt, but it did not become popular in Europe until the 1500s. Even though plantations in the colonies produced Indigo, the process used to extract Indigo dye was time-consuming and costly. As a result, the dye was a precious commodity. In the late 1800s, Adolph von Baeyer studied the chemical structure of indigo. His work resulted in the development of a synthetic indigo dye that is used today.

11. Indigo

12. Checking for Understanding (cont.) Explain why South Carolina began producing indigo. Indigo was in demand in Europe and it was a good companion crop to rice. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

13. The Labor Force 1. Indians 1. Indians Why doesn’t this work? Why doesn’t this work? Lack of immunity and escape Lack of immunity and escape 2. Indentured servants 2. Indentured servants Agree to work for 4-7 yrs. For them paying their way to America Agree to work for 4-7 yrs. For them paying their way to America Why doesn’t it work? Why doesn’t it work? Become economic competitors Become economic competitors 3. Slaves 3. Slaves

14. Making Contracts The contract of an indentured servant was indented (folded) and town along the indenture. Each party to the contract kept half.

16. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why did Southern tobacco planters use indentured servants to work their fields? To be profitable, planters had to grow large quantities of tobacco; cultivating tobacco was very labor intensive and required many workers. The Southern Economy (cont.) (pages 84–86)

17. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why was slavery particularly entrenched in the Southern Colonies? There the work of enslaved Africans was essential to the plantation economy. Slavery in the Colonies (cont.) (pages 89–90)

18. Slavery in America Slavery in America Est. 10-12 million imported to Americas between 1450-1870 Est. 10-12 million imported to Americas between 1450-1870 Brazil- 3.5 million Brazil- 3.5 million Spanish colonies- 1.5 million Spanish colonies- 1.5 million Caribbean- 4 million (sugar plantations) Caribbean- 4 million (sugar plantations) North America- 500,000 North America- 500,000 Around 2 million die before they get here Around 2 million die before they get here

19. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

20. The Slave Trade 1. Captured in Africa (kidnapped) 1. Captured in Africa (kidnapped) 2. Sold into slavery (Don’t understand cannibals) 2. Sold into slavery (Don’t understand cannibals) 3. Middle Passage- from Africa to America (100 days) 3. Middle Passage- from Africa to America (100 days) 10-40% die on ships 10-40% die on ships Thrown overboard Thrown overboard Shark boats Shark boats

25. Slave Trade (cont’d) Problems Problems Cramped quarters (600+) Cramped quarters (600+) Unsanitary conditions Unsanitary conditions Lack of oxygen Lack of oxygen Chains Chains Some mutinies occur (Amistad) Some mutinies occur (Amistad)

26. Amazing Grace Amazing Grace. How sweet the sound Amazing Grace. How sweet the sound That saved a wretch like me That saved a wretch like me I once was lost, but now am found I once was lost, but now am found Was blind, but now I see Was blind, but now I see Twas grace that taught my heart to fear Twas grace that taught my heart to fear And grace my fears releaved And grace my fears releaved How precious did that grace appear How precious did that grace appear The hour I first believed The hour I first believed Through my dangers, toils and snares Through my dangers, toils and snares I have already come I have already come Tis grace hath brought me safe thus far Tis grace hath brought me safe thus far And grace will lead me home And grace will lead me home Former slave boat captain Former slave boat captain John Newton John Newton

27. Capt. John Newton

28. Slave Trade (cont’d) 4. Sold at auctions 4. Sold at auctions More $ for the biggest and strongest More $ for the biggest and strongest Separated from families Separated from families

29. Southern Society (class system) 1. Wealthy plantation owners (planter elite) 1. Wealthy plantation owners (planter elite) Control economics and govt. Control economics and govt. 2. Backcountry farmers (yeomen) 2. Backcountry farmers (yeomen) Small plots of land Small plots of land Subsistence farming- grow enough to survive Subsistence farming- grow enough to survive Not much power Not much power 3. Tenant Farmers- rent land and farm 3. Tenant Farmers- rent land and farm

30. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What was the difference between the planter elite and backcountry farmers? The planter elite owned large plantations and used indentured and enslaved labor to work the vast areas of land. Backcountry farmers worked small plots of land and practiced subsistence farming. Southern Society (cont.) (pages 86–87)

31. Southern Society (cont’d) 4. Indentured servants 4. Indentured servants 5. Slaves 5. Slaves Most states have slave codes Most states have slave codes Can’t own property Can’t own property Can’t testify against whites Can’t testify against whites Movement regulated (with owner or written permission) Movement regulated (with owner or written permission) Can’t assemble in large groups Can’t assemble in large groups

32. Bacon’s Rebellion Along Virginia’s western frontier settlers and Natives are fighting Along Virginia’s western frontier settlers and Natives are fighting Price of tobacco has sharply declined Price of tobacco has sharply declined Yeoman want changes Yeoman want changes –Protection from Natives –Vote for all free men –Remove tax exemptions for certain people

33. Nathaniel Bacon Represents small back-country farmers (yeoman) Represents small back-country farmers (yeoman) Pushes Virginia’s Governor William Berkeley for reforms Pushes Virginia’s Governor William Berkeley for reforms

34. Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon allowed to attack natives, but Berkeley turns on him Bacon allowed to attack natives, but Berkeley turns on him Bacon attacks and burns Jamestown Bacon attacks and burns Jamestown Bacon’s death (dysentery) weakens rebels Bacon’s death (dysentery) weakens rebels Gov. Berkeley returns to fight with his own army (Bacon rebelling against royal authority) Gov. Berkeley returns to fight with his own army (Bacon rebelling against royal authority) –Captures and executes rebels

35. Results of the Rebellion Rebellion demonstrated Rebellion demonstrated –Sharp class differences between wealthy and poor –Colonial resistance to royal control

36. Results of the Rebellion Planters lean even more toward slavery Planters lean even more toward slavery –Slaves are not freed, so do not need their own land –Easier to control Also, with new lands opening up, fewer people want to be Indentured Also, with new lands opening up, fewer people want to be Indentured

39. Sec 1 Review What was the southern colonies’ economy based on? What was the southern colonies’ economy based on? Name the 3 cash crops grown in the southern colonies. Name the 3 cash crops grown in the southern colonies. Who started growing indigo on a SC plantation? Who started growing indigo on a SC plantation? List in order the 3 groups that were used as forced labor in America. List in order the 3 groups that were used as forced labor in America. Why did the Indians not work? Why did the Indians not work? Why did Indentured servants not work? Why did Indentured servants not work? Who captured Africans to sell them into slavery? Who captured Africans to sell them into slavery? What was the Middle Passage? What was the Middle Passage? How long did it usually last? How long did it usually last? Why did people refer to slave ships as shark boats? Why did people refer to slave ships as shark boats? Name some of the problems faced during the Middle Passage. Name some of the problems faced during the Middle Passage. How were Africans sold in America? How were Africans sold in America? What was one of the worst parts of the slave auction? What was one of the worst parts of the slave auction?

40. Before Nathaniel Bacon’s sudden death, he burned the estates of his rivals and controlled most of Virginia.

41. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What situation led to Bacon’s Rebellion? The refusal of Governor Berkeley to use military action against the Native Americans led to the conflict. Backcountry farmers wanted government support against the Native Americans, whose land they wanted. Bacon and a group of backcountry settlers organized their own militia to fight the Native Americans. Later, he seized power from the governor and battled for control of Jamestown. Bacon’s Rebellion (cont.) (pages 87–89)

42. Why It Matters An agricultural society developed in the American colonies. In the South, a large number of Africans were enslaved for plantation labor. In the North, commerce took hold, and England’s trade policies proved cause for concern. High birth rates and immigration expanded the population as American society began to take shape.

43. Checking for Understanding __ 1.a crop grown primarily for profit __ 2.wealthy landowners in the South, also called the planter elite __ 3.a set of laws that formally regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people __ 4.a large, commercial, agricultural estate __ 5.the difficult journey slaves endured in crossing the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas A.cash crop B.plantation C.gentry D.Middle Passage E.slave code Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. C E A B D