1. 20.1: The New Immigrants

2. Reasons immigrants came to the US: Economic troubles Overcrowding Poverty Job scarce Not enough land/ Crop failures Machines put people out of work Persecution (discrimination/unfair laws) **People saw the US as a land of jobs, plentiful land, and opportunities for a better life

3. Journey to America: Length of journey: 12 days across the Atlantic Ocean, several weeks across the Pacific Ocean European immigrants entered through Ellis Island in New York City Asian immigrants entered into the US through Angel Island in San Francisco. http://www.history.com/topics/ellis-island/videos/deconstructing-history-ellis-island

4. Vocabulary Ethnic Group: minorities that spoke different languages or followed different customs from those of most people in a country Emigrate: to leave homeland

5. Vocabulary Assimilate: to become part of another culture Steerage: cramped, noisy quarters on the lower deck of the ship where most immigrants traveled Sweatshops: dark, crowded workshops; work was repetitious, hazardous, with low pay and long hours https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNjQgZvaMT0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oklPl95DC8c https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFU9PUoPCy8

6. Experience at Ellis Island: Had names changed or shortened Immigrants had to report the country they came from, their occupation (job), and any relatives in the US Had to pass health examinations **If immigrants did not pass the exam, they were sent back to home country https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubT- Bm36L2U

7. The Immigrant Experience Jobs: –Unloading cargo –Digging ditches –Steel mills –Sweatshops **Usually low paid jobs with poor working conditions

8. Immigrant Experiences: Role of women: –Women were able to have more freedom in the US than in Europe Immigrant Communities: –Focused around ethnic groups and religion

9. Nativist Movement When Americans fearful of: 1. immigrants would take American jobs 2. Some Americans felt immigrants did not fit into “American” culture (different ethnic and religious groups)

10. Laws Against Immigration Chinese Exclusion Act: –Prohibited Chinese workers from entering the United States for the next 10 years Immigration Act of 1917: –Required immigrants to be able to read and write in a language (literacy requirement)

11. Immigrants Contribution to American Culture Supplied new workers New religious groups New customs and cultures (food, music, traditions, ect.) Cities began to grow faster