1. The History of West Africa Jamie Behymer Haily Ruminer

2. The Five-Cent Cookie Adapted from the French during the Colonial Period. Sugar Cookie, Peanut Butter and Peanuts. Traditional African Culture that the oldest male eats first. Five-Cent Cookies

3. Overview The Beginning Ghana Empire Mali Empire Colonial Period Post-Independence Today Modern Map of West Africa

4. Thesis West Africa has been split into kingdoms, ruled over, and lacks land needed to support the growing population. Even today the countries in West Africa have problems with political control; it seems the only thing holding West Africa together is their culture.

5. The Beginning

6. African History Goes Back for Two Million Years! 1.9 Million Years Ago: Stone Tools 800,000 Years Ago: Fire Skull found by University College London that dates back two million years ago

7. The Beginning 6000Bce Climate Was Drier and Hotter Farming Became a Valuable Resource 3000Bce Kingdoms 300Bce Bantu People Lived Along Niger River Became to Crowded Little Fertile Land because of Sahara Desert Climate Map of Africa

8. Ghana Empire

9. 500-1200 Said to go back to 800Bce Trans-Saharan Trade: Trade through the Sahara Desert Grew in Power and Influence Center for Trade Ivory, Slaves, Horses, Cloth and Salt Map Showing the Land of the Ghana Empire

10. Ghana Empire 900 King Converted to Islam Tunka Manin Improved Relations with Muslim Merchants Not Forced onto People and Tradition Beliefs still Existed The Land of the Ghana Empire

11. Ghana Empire 1000 Assault from Northern Berbers West African Kingdom of Mali Took Over Map Demonstrating the Migration of Berbers

12. The Land Land Map of Ghana Southern Parts of the Ghana Empire Northern Parts of the Ghana Empire

13. What the Land Offered The Ghana Empire was a successful empire because of their gold supply. Government Control The Land in West Africa along the coast is more fertile. Closer In: The Land is More dry because you are getting closer to the Sahara. Gold Pebbles Topography of West Africa

14. What You Need to Know The Ghana Empire was a successful empire because they were solely based on gold and taxes. The rich were in power, because of their gold, and all money went to maintaining a stable military. The empire collapsed because of invasion of Northern people wanting the resources in their land.

15. Mali Empire

16. 1235-1400 Trade Increased Was Taxed and Controlled Timbuktu Capital Regional and Cultural Center of Kingdom Topography Map of the Mali Empire Ancient Buildings of the Mali Empire

17. Mali Empire Mansa Musa 1312-1337 Most Famous Emperor Supported Islam; Was a Muslim Went on hajj to Mecca Built Mosques and Schools throughout Kingdom Peak of Malian Power Map Demonstrating Musa’s hajj to Mecca

18. The Land Land Map of Mali Empire Northern Parts of Mali Empire Eastern Part of Mali Empire

19. What the Land Offered Pastoralism Herding of Animals Food Crops Corn Rice Cash Crops Peanuts Tobacco Cotton Corn Rice Plant Peanuts Cotton Plant Tobacco Plant

20. What the Land Offered Gold Salt Trans-Saharan Trade Difficult Climate made it Hard for the Mali Empire to sustain itself. GoldHarvesting Salt

21. What You Need to Know The Mali Empire was a strong empire because it had many resources but, when provinces under the King began to assert power, the Empire broke a part. The people wanted more African Traditions and began to pass on cultural practices through each generation. The cash crops that the land produced and the unity under on religion is what mostly kept this kingdom together.

22. Colonial Period

23. Atlantic Slave Trade Slave Trade Had Gone on For Many Centuries Slave were brought into the New World and West Africa became dominated by the British and French 1659 Controlled by the British, Dutch, and Portuguese French wanted Peanuts The Peanuts the French wanted.

24. African Slave Trade between 1650-1860 in West Africa.

25. Post-Independence

26. After World War ll, people in West Africa were fighting against the Europeans for independence. Ghana was the First Country to become independent from Britain in 1957. Britain then started granting other countries independence starting in 1958. Problems with Dictatorship, Corruption and Military Coups.

27. Different Countries Flag of Ghana Broke Away from Britain in 1957 Flag of Mali Broke Away from France in 1960

28. Today

29. Internal Conflict Mali: Regional Bloc closed Borders and Bank Accounts with Mali because they overthrew their President West Africa is not an economically stable area of the world, but they want to be. Amadou Haya Sanogo, Military leader,during Thursday’s protest.

30. Culture

31. Culture Over the Years Kente Fabric With Vivid Colors and Patterns Different Colors: Green: Vegetation Gold: Royalty Red: Political/Spiritual Kente Cloth Kente Outfit

32. Culture Over the Years Islam Some have no understanding for their beliefs African Traditional Religion Spiritual Sense of Living Christianity Introduced when French Colonized Islamic Symbol One African Traditional Religious Symbol Christianity

33. The Art Most Art is Created for a Spiritual Sense Bronze Clay Pottery Lotus Masks Most Sought After Spirit of Ancestors Dancers Bronze Head Pottery Lotus Mask

34. Dance Segregated by Gender Depends on Tribe As a Whole: No Couples Dances of Love Dances of Welcome Dances of Possession Traditional African Dancer

35. The Different Groups Ashanti A Akan People Traced Back through Mothers Hausa Niger River “Folk Beliefs” Akan Highest Group Ancestry Geography Map of Ethnic Groups in Africa

36. Akan People Ashanti People Hausa People

37. Conclusion As you can see, West Africa has a very interesting history. Through different kingdoms and a colonization period, Africa has been able to maintain most of its unique culture. Economically speaking, West Africa is not on its feet and is having difficulties today but, this is because of the land differentiation.

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39. Bibliography Cont. http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=art+in+west+africa&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF- 8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&authuser=0&ei=aWZ4T9frNOTi2QWugN21Bg http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=art+in+west+africa&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF- 8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&authuser=0&ei=aWZ4T9frNOTi2QWugN21B http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/232424/Ghana http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107584.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/232376/Ghana/76825/Early-traditions http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Mali+Coastline&start=49&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&authuser=0&biw=1920&bih=938&tbm=isch&tbnid=5gBx_bR v0IryGM:&imgrefurl=http://croatia.hr/en-GB/Destinations/Islands&docid=1u4d7ii06egLXM&imgurl=http://croatia.hr/Images/t900x600- 744/croatia_kvarner_mali_losinj_rovenska.jpg&w=843&h=600&ei=fBd3T76- LNOBsgLz1ISjBA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=306&sig=101074484795648839432&page=2&tbnh=143&tbnw=181&ndsp=55&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:49&tx=59&ty=79 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Mali+Coastline&start=49&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&authuser=0&biw=1920&bih=938&tbm=isch&tbnid=5gBx_bR v0IryGM:&imgrefurl=http://croatia.hr/en-GB/Destinations/Islands&docid=1u4d7ii06egLXM&imgurl=http://croatia.hr/Images/t900x600- 744/croatia_kvarner_mali_losinj_rovenska.jpg&w=843&h=600&ei=fBd3T76- LNOBsgLz1ISjBA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=306&sig=101074484795648839432&page=2&tbnh=143&tbnw=181&ndsp=55&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:49&tx=59&ty=79 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=ghana+landscape&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&authuser=0&biw=1920&bih=938&tbm=isch&tbnid=1MM7TV YUBZy9BM:&imgrefurl=http://www.flickriver.com/places/Ghana/Upper%2BEast/Navrongo/&docid=KaG6nUreknpKmM&imgurl=http://farm1.static.flickr.com/ 127/417592670_d064578120.jpg&w=500&h=332&ei=NBJ3T9XxAYmW2QWkx8i1Bg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=990&vpy=183&dur=158&hovh=183&hovw=27 6&tx=149&ty=119&sig=101074484795648839432&page=1&tbnh=118&tbnw=152&start=0&ndsp=47&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=ghana+landscape&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&authuser=0&biw=1920&bih=938&tbm=isch&tbnid=1MM7TV YUBZy9BM:&imgrefurl=http://www.flickriver.com/places/Ghana/Upper%2BEast/Navrongo/&docid=KaG6nUreknpKmM&imgurl=http://farm1.static.flickr.com/ 127/417592670_d064578120.jpg&w=500&h=332&ei=NBJ3T9XxAYmW2QWkx8i1Bg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=990&vpy=183&dur=158&hovh=183&hovw=27 6&tx=149&ty=119&sig=101074484795648839432&page=1&tbnh=118&tbnw=152&start=0&ndsp=47&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0 http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=Mali+Coast&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF- 8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&authuser=0&ei=YBd3T6vHIcPI2gXu7Oy1Bg http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=Mali+Coast&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF- 8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&authuser=0&ei=YBd3T6vHIcPI2gXu7Oy1Bg http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Ghana_Empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mali.svg http://www.google.com/imgres?q=West+African+Coastline&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&authuser=0&biw=1920&bih=938&tbm=isch&tbnid=f_ C_KzWUgth2lM:&imgrefurl=http://www.accessgambia.com/information/coastline.html&docid=OWgguvGJ9CAdeM&imgurl=http://www.accessgambia.com/in formation/large08/fajara-coastline.jpg&w=655&h=495&ei=- Bd3T7iDDITs2QXV1YC3Bg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=758&sig=101074484795648839432&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=198&start=0&ndsp=47&ved=1t:429,r:10, s:0&tx=147&ty=116 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=West+African+Coastline&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&authuser=0&biw=1920&bih=938&tbm=isch&tbnid=f_ C_KzWUgth2lM:&imgrefurl=http://www.accessgambia.com/information/coastline.html&docid=OWgguvGJ9CAdeM&imgurl=http://www.accessgambia.com/in formation/large08/fajara-coastline.jpg&w=655&h=495&ei=- Bd3T7iDDITs2QXV1YC3Bg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=758&sig=101074484795648839432&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=198&start=0&ndsp=47&ved=1t:429,r:10, s:0&tx=147&ty=116 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kente_cloth http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=land+map+of+ghana+empire&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF- 8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&authuser=0&ei=xhJ3T4n_DMrm2QW2_L22Bg http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=land+map+of+ghana+empire&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF- 8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&authuser=0&ei=xhJ3T4n_DMrm2QW2_L22Bg http://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/victoria-falls-travel-reviews.html

40. Quiz Time! 1. What was the main method of trade in the Ghana and Mali Empires? 2. The Ghana Empire was successful because of their _________ supply? 3. Which Emporer brought the Mali Empire to their highest peak? 4. What kind of trade occurred during the Colonial Period? 5. When did Ghana become an independent country?

41. Answers! 1. What was the main method of trade in the Ghana and Mali Empires? Trans-Saharan Trade 2. The Ghana Empire was successful because of their _________ supply? 3. Which Emperor brought the Mali Empire to their highest peak? Mansa Musa 4. What kind of trade occurred during the Colonial Period? African Slave Trade 5. When did Ghana become an independent country? 1957 gold

42. Finisher Traditional West African Dance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uJk ttUniFo