2. Essential Questions Why did the U.S. policy of neutrality in WW I fail? Was it due to American failures or outside factors? Why is WWI considered by many to be the climax of Wilsonian Progressivism? Should dissent be allowed in a democracy during a time of war? Is there a consistency between the underlying philosophy of domestic progressivism and American foreign policy from 1890 to 1920? Did Wilsonian idealism fail because he was naïve or because of a failure of leadership? Why do many scholars compare President Bush’s goals in the Middle East with Wilsonian idealism? Analyze: Are the political and military goals of war worth the staggering loss of human life that occurs in war?

3. World War I Web Sites http://www.historywiz.com/worldwarone.htm http://www.worldwar1.com/ http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/ http://www.ukans.edu/~kansite/ww_one/photos/greatwar.htm http://www.ibiscom.com/gas.htmhttp://www.ibiscom.com/gas.htm (gas attack) http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/femvets4.htmlhttp://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/femvets4.html (women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htmhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm (WWI Encylopedia) http://www.greatwar.org/Features/trenchlife.htmhttp://www.greatwar.org/Features/trenchlife.htm (Trench life and more)

4. World War I World War I 1914-1918 (US 1917) 30 Nations 8,500,001 Killed 21,000,000 wounded

5. Background Causes of World War I Imperialism Militarism European Boundaries Nationalism Alliances Triple Alliance (Ger, A-H, Italy) Triple Entente (GB, Fr, R)

6. The Immediate Cause and the Chain Reaction –Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand –Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia –Russia Declares War on Austria Hungary –Germany declares war on RussiaGermany declares war on Russia –France Declares War on Germany –Germany invades Belgium- France –Britain Declares War on Germany

8. Trench Warfare Life in the TrenchesLife in the Trenches

9. Matey Not comin back tonight Matey And reliefs are coming through We’re all goin out all right matey. Only we’re leaving you Gawd it’s a bloody sin matey Now that we’ve finished the fight We go when reliefs come in matey But you’re stayin here tonight Over the top is cold matey You lie in the field alone Didn’t I love you of old matey Dearer than blood of my own? You were my dearest chum matey Gawd but your face is white But now though reliefs ave come matey I’m goin alone tonight

10. I’d sooner the bullet was mine matey Goin out on my won. Leavin you ere in the line matey All by yourself alone Cum o mine and you’re dead matey And this this is the way we part The bullet went through your head matey But gawd it went through me ‘eart.

11. In Flanders Fields by John McCrae December 1915: In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved, and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields.

12. United States Response  Neutrality Neutrality Offered to mediate Insisted our neutral rights be respected  Public Opinion Divided  Preparedness  Pacifism (Socialists)

13. Events, Issues Leading to US Entry British Propaganda Loans Submarine Warfare Luisitania 1915 W.J Bryant Resigns as Sec of State Sussex Pledge 1916 election Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Zimmerman Note

14. Wilson’s War Message We are glad, now that we see the facts with no veil of false pretence about them, to fight thus for the ultimate peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples, the German peoples included: for the rights of nations great and small and the privilege of men everywhere to choose their way of life and of obedience. The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make. We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made as secure as the faith and the freedom of nations can make them.

15. Mobilization National Defense Act (6/16) Raising Money War Industries Board (Bernard Baruch) RR Administration Food Administration (Herbert Hoover) Fuel Administration Committee on Public Information (G. Creel)

16. Public Reaction Committee on Public Information - Rallies Support Opposition to the War Jeanette Rankin Religious groups,Pacifists(Alice Paul),WILPF Suppression of Opposition – Espionage and Sedition Acts Socialists, Anarchists, IWW,Eugene Debs Schenck v United States

17. Effect on workers 1. Union Membership Up 2. Wages up 3. NWLB 4. Women - Jobs **19 th Amendment 5. African Americans Hypocrisy http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/comm ent/Scott/SCh18.htm Great website http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/comm ent/Scott/SCh18.htm Great Migration

18. Fighting the War Our Soldiers AEF (4.8 Million) Draft (conscription) -Selective Service Act Segregation Convoy System 1917 Bad News - France – mutiny Russian Revolution –March (Treaty of Brest Litovsk) Good News - U.S. enters the war – April Mobilization takes months 1 st combat fall of 1917 Mid 1918 10,000 American troops arriving each day Armistice 11/11/18

19. The Treaty Negotiations Wilson’s 14 Points (January 1918) 1. Eliminate Causes of War (Imperialism, Nationalism, militarism, boundary disputes, alliances, secret treaties, violation of freedom of seas) 2. Self Determination 3. Open Diplomacy 4. League of Nations The Big Four (Wilson(US) George(GB) Clemenceau(F), Orlando(I)) Want revenge, compensation and security

20. The Treaty of Versailles Germany accepts guilt, pays reparations, loses territory, colonies, military Other Central powers broken up lose colonies Allies - gain territory, colonies (Mandates), reparations, security League of Nations is created

21. US Rejects the Treaty Wilson’s mistake Sen. Borah - irreconcilables Sen. Henry C. Lodge - Reservationists 1918 Congressional Elections – Republicans win- weakens Wilson Reservationists - Article X (10) Wilson’s Tour Treaty Rejected 1920 election – Solemn Referndum

22. "I can predict with absolute certainty that within another generation there will be another world war if the nations of the world do not concert the method by which to prevent it." Woodrow Wilson, 1919

23. Wars bring on Social Change! What evidence can you find from your notes to support this claim? Why do you think this happens?

24. In what ways did the US build support and deal with opposition to WWI? Were we able to successfully maintain our democracy while we made the world “Safe for Democracy?”

25. Use YOUR notes – On a white board 5 minutes. In what ways did the US respect its tradition of limited government and Laissez Faire Capitalism during WWI? In what ways did the United States move away from limited government and Laissez Faire capitalism during WWI?

26. Essay prompt Were Woodrow Wilson’s WW I policies consistent with his overall foreign policy of Moral Diplomacy?