1. Texans and the War Essential Questions: Why does conflict develop? America in World War I: Crash Course US History #30 View the Video Clip

2. Vocabulary Mobilize (Prepare for war ) – To take the necessary steps to prepare a nation to fight and win a war Ration (Limit) – To limit the purchase or consumption of food or other goods

3. Vocabulary Home front (Civilians back home) – The civilian world in wartime War Bonds ($ for war) – Bonds issued by the government to help pay the costs of the war

4. Texans and the War In 1910, a revolution began in Mexico. The country's dictator, Porfirio Díaz, was overthrown. Emiliano Zapata and Francisco “Pancho” Villa were two famous leaders of the revolution. Porfirio DiazEmiliano Zapata Francisco “Pancho” Villa

5. Texans and the War Villa led a raid of Columbus, New Mexico, in March 1916. Villa was angry that the United States supported the Mexican leader in power, Venustiano Carranza. Venustiano Carranza

6. Texans and the War President Woodrow Wilson ordered General John J. Pershing to lead troops into Mexico to capture Villa. Villa was never caught, and the presence of American troops in Mexico angered the Mexican government. After General John J. Pershing's mission in Mexico, he brought back to Texas more than 500 Chinese people who were given special permission to remain in the state. President Woodrow WilsonGeneral John J. Pershing

7. Clifford Berryman drew a political cartoon showing a frustrated Uncle Sam beginning to chase a fleeing Pancho Villa.

9. What does the barbed wire fence represent? How can you tell?

10. Texans and the War War broke out in Europe in 1914. The sinking of the British steamship Lusitania in 1915, killing more than 100 U.S. citizens who were aboard, led many Americans to want to join in the war against Germany. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history/videos/u-boats-sink- the-lusitania-in-1915?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

11. Texans and the War In January 1917, German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann sent a coded telegram to the president of Mexico, asking the country to side with Germany if war broke out between Germany and the United States. The United States entered the war in 1917 after Germany sent the Zimmerman Telegram to Mexico promising to help Mexico reconquer Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. Zimmerman

12. http://connected.mcgraw-hill.com/ This video presents President Woodrow Wilson's role in WWI.

13. Texans and the War Texas became an important location for training and equipping soldiers. Soldiers who flew military planes trained at Kelly Field in San Antonio. Army recruits practice thrusting with the bayonets attached to their rifles as part of their basic training to become soldiers. What do you think is the role of the soldiers who are standing?

14. Texans and the War Women, African Americans, and Mexican Americans served in the military. A clash between African American soldiers and Houston police on August 23, 1917, led to a riot in which 19 people were killed. Mexicans living in Texas who were not American citizens were not required to serve in the military, but many volunteered to fight.

15. Innovations in Warfare Six New WWI Innovations – Machine guns – Tanks – Airplanes – Submarines (U-Boats) – Poison Gases (Chlorine gas, Phosgene, blistering agents) – Trench Warfare (No Man’s Land) How did WWI differ from previous wars? – Total Warfare (drafted civilians, others worked at home, women worked in factories, use of propaganda, machine guns, tanks, airplanes, submarines, poisonous chlorine gases, trench warfare) The Field of Battle expanded to include the air and ocean depths. What impact would this expansion have? – (more complicated strategic planning, more casualties, use of propaganda to rally public opinion,...) History.com - Bet You Didn’t Know: World War I

16. World War I Ended World War I ended when an armistice was signed on the 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month. (November 11, 1918 at 11:00 AM) Armistice Day (which is now Veteran’s Day) 32 countries fought each other. 8-10 million military lives were lost. The ALLIES won! History.com - Causes of WWI (3 min)

17. Texans and the War Four Texans won the Medal of Honor during World War I, and some Texans held important government positions. Barkeley, David B. Hayden, David Ephraim Edwards, Daniel Richmond Sampler, Samuel Albert Sidney Burleson (Postmaster General) Thomas Watt Gregory (U.S. Attorney General) Colonel Edward M. House (Trusted Advisor)

18. Edward House (left) had been powerful in Texas politics before he became part of President Woodrow Wilson’s administration. What role did House play in the Wilson administration?

19. Texans and the War Many of the soldiers who survived the war returned home with a broader view of the world and were eager to find new opportunities.

20. Texans and the War Civilians in Texas supported the war effort by buying war bonds, donating money, and rationing food.

21. How does this poster try to connect buying bonds to the war effort?

25. Texans and the War Many Texas women worked as nurses or farmers, or in factories. Some even trained pilots and drove ambulances in Europe.

26. Texans and the War Anti-German feelings grew in Texas and the United States during the war. Some communities banned German music and the teaching of the German language. Many German foods were renamed. For example, sauerkraut was renamed "liberty cabbage."

27. Quiz C A 1. By 1910 conflicts in Mexico had brought about a revolution and the country's dictator, _____, was overthrown. A. Francisco "Pancho" Villa B. Emiliano Zapata C. Porfirio Díaz D. Venustiano Carranza 2. In 1916 Mexican revolutionary _____ led men across the border to raid American cities. A. Francisco "Pancho" Villa B. Emiliano Zapata C. Porfirio Díaz D. Venustiano Carranza

28. Quiz B D 3. After General John J. Pershing's mission in Mexico, he brought back to Texas more than 500 _____ people who were given special permission to remain in the state. A. Irish B. Chinese C. Mexican D. Brazilian 4. The sinking of the British steamship _____ in 1915, killing more than 100 U.S. citizens who were aboard, led many Americans to want to join in the war against Germany. A.Titanic B.Britannica C.Enterprise D. Lusitania

29. Quiz C B 5. In January 1917, German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann sent a coded telegram to the president of _____, asking the country to side with Germany if war broke out between Germany and the United States. A. Canada B. Spain C. Mexico D. Japan 6. Nearly all the American soldiers who flew military planes during World War I were trained at Kelly Field in _____. A. Austin B. San Antonio C. Houston D. Lubbock

30. Quiz A B 7. A clash between _____ soldiers and Houston police on August 23, 1917, led to a riot in which 19 people were killed. A. African American B. Mexican American C. German American D. Chinese American 8. _____ living in Texas who were not American citizens were not required to serve in the military, but many volunteered to fight. A. Africans B. Mexicans C. Germans D. Chinese

31. Quiz A D 9. To help pay the costs of the war, many Texans purchased _____. A. bonds B. rations C. weapons D. sugar and meat 10. Due to anti-German feelings during the war, many German foods were renamed. For example, _____ was renamed "liberty cabbage." A. salad B. cole slaw C. kale D. sauerkraut