1. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 MYP Title: Building the Rule Book (Constitution) Unit Question: How can one system Empower all? Key Concepts: Systems Concept Statement: A system should Empower both Majority and Minority Section 3: Compromise and Ratification (U3.3.3 -.7) Major Historical Figures – Sec 3 1.Roger Sherman – Connecticut Delegate to Constitution Convention who designed the Great Compromise 2.Patrick Henry/George Clinton – Led the Antifederalist (political party) to stop the Constitution from being ratified (made law) 3.John Jay/Alexander Hamilton – Led the Federalist (political party) to get the Constitution ratified (made law)

2. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification Map for Unit 2 – East Coast of United States

3. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification Section Question: As a member of the Constitutional Convention explain what compromise you felt was most important to get you to ratify the Constitution.

4. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification What was the Great Compromise? Roger Sherman, Connecticut’s delegate to the convention found a compromise between the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan – The Great Compromise Break the Congress (Legislative Branch – writes laws) into to houses (Bicameral) In the Senate (house 1) every state got 2 representative – small states liked this In the House of Representative (house 2) the bigger your state’s population is the more representatives you get – big states liked this

5. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification What was the 3/5 Compromise? Another area that was a problem rose between the north states and south states – The South wanted Slaves to count in a states population when working out how many representatives a state got in the House of Representatives, but not for taxes – North said “NO” The compromise the delegates agreed on was that 5 slave would be counted as 3 citizens for the population count and taxes (Major Problem) The delegates made slavery constitutional (nationally legal) without meaning to

6. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification What was the Foreign Trade/ Commerce Compromise? Another area that was a problem between the North and South was could Congress (Legislative Branch) tax imports (goods leaving the country) and exports (good coming into the country) The North wanted Congress to tax imports and exports – This would allow new northern factories to compete with English factories The South didn’t want Congress to tax imports or exports – They sold their agricultural goods to England and would have had to pay export taxes and they bought factory goods from England and prices would go up because of import taxes

7. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification What was the Foreign Trade/ Commerce Compromise? What was is the Electoral College? The compromise was congress could tax imports forcing up the price of Foreign trade goods – this made the North happy Congress could not tax exports so farmers could send agricultural (farming) products overseas without paying taxes – making the South happy Some delegates through that the common man should be allowed to vote, other didn’t want all men to vote, they compromised with the Electoral College (Not a direct election – not a popular vote) Each state is given a number of Electors (delegates to the Electoral College) based on their population – The Electors then vote for the president based on who the majority of their state’s people voted for

8. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification What was is the Electoral College? The problem with the Electoral College is that the popular vote (Most votes from citizens) doesn’t always win (4 times ) And legally the Electors don’t have to the vote the way the state’s citizens voted. (This allowed the state governments to steal the election if they didn’t like the results) – This can still happen in 22 states

9. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification What are Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances? Fear of the government becoming a tyrant led to the delegates adding Checks and Balances Checks and Balances gives each branch the ability to control and stop the other braches from taking too much power The president (executive) can’t become a tyrant because congress can impeach him The congress (legislative) can’t become a tyrant because each house (bicameral) watches each other and the Supreme Court can strike down their new laws Supreme Court (Judicial) can’t become a tyrant because they can’t write laws and president gets to pick who is on the court

10. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification

11. What is Federalism? The fear of states loosing their power led to the delegates compromising and creating Federalism In the Federalism system the central/national government had to share power with both state and local government Each government would have defined roles that the other couldn’t interfere with Reserved Powers: Powers only belonging to the State – EX Education Enumerated Powers: Powers belonging to the Federal/Central Gov. – EX War Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by State and Federal Gov. – EX Interstate trade

12. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification

13. How did the fight To Ratify the Constitution, lead to the first two political parties? Not every delegate was happy with the Constitution and it took a hard political fight to get it ratified – leading to the first two political parties in the US Antifederalists formed to fight the signing of the Constitution Lead by Patrick Henry & George Clinton, the Antifederalist believed the Constitution had two problems: One, the states were giving up to much power Two, the people were giving up individual freedoms, and might loose their Natural Rights

14. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification How did the fight To Ratify the Constitution, lead to the first two political parties? How did the Constitution get Ratified? Federalist were the political party that formed to get the Constitution ratified Led by John Jay & Alexander Hamilton this party used the media (newspapers) to sell the idea of the Constitution to the citizens 85 of their best essays were combined in the Federalist Papers, explaining why the Federalist system of Republican government established by the Constitution is the best Ratification – After two year of work in 1788, 10 states voted for the Constitution and it became the supreme law of the land 1.New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island refused to sign until the Constitution was changed to guarantee the rights of the citizens – They Wanted a Bill of Rights

15. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification

16. What is the Bill of Rights? The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to protect the powers of the state (tenth Amendment ) and to protect the Natural Rights of the people (1 -9 Amendments) One of the best things about the Constitution is that it can be changed to grow with the country. Any change is called an Amendment a.The first 10 changes or Amendments are the Bill of Rights

17. Unit 2 – Creation of a New Nation U3 Section 3: Compromise and Ratification