1. Chapter 24: A World in Flames Section 1: America and the World Section 2: World War II Begins Section 3: The Holocaust Section 4: America Enters the War

2. Bell ringer Monday, March 14, 2016 1. Although they disagreed on specifics, Roosevelt’s advisers favored government A. promoting competition. B. breaking up trusts. C. laissez faire. D. intervention in the economy. 2. Roosevelt’s advisers who supported “New Freedom” wanted government A. to work together with business. B. to run key parts of the economy. C. to break up big companies. D. to set up welfare programs.

3. Answer 1. D 2. C

4. Objective Students will be introduced to chapter 24.

5. Agenda Before Bell ringer During Review for Grad Exam Re teaching Activity 23 Intro to chapter 24 Key Terms/Names Graphic Organizer 24-1 After Q&A

6. KEY TERMS AND NAMES Benito Mussolini Fascist dictator of Italy (page 709) fascism a kind of aggressive nationalism (page 709) Vladimir Lenin leader of the Bolshevik Party in Russia (page 709) Joseph Stalin dictator of the Soviet Union (page 709) Adolf Hitler Nazi leader of Germany (page 709) Manchuria province in northern China (page 710) Neutrality Act of 1935 law that made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war (page 711) internationalism the idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps to prevent war (page 712)

7. Bell ringer Monday, March 29, 2016 1. Who was a fervent anti-Communist and a great admirer of Benito Mussolini’s leadership style? A. Adolf Hitler C. Francisco Franco B. Joseph Stalin D. Vladimir Lenin 2. Many military officers in Japan were strong nationalists and believed Japan was destined to dominate A. North America. C. East Asia. B. South America. D. Europe.

8. Answer 1. A 2. C

9. Bell ringer Tuesday, March 30, 2015 1. Who was a fervent anti-Communist and a great admirer of Benito Mussolini’s leadership style? A. Adolf Hitler C. Francisco Franco B. Joseph Stalin D. Vladimir Lenin 2. Many military officers in Japan were strong nationalists and believed Japan was destined to dominate A. North America. C. East Asia. B. South America. D. Europe.

10. Answer 1. A 2. C

11. ACOS --- CCRS Standards ACOS 8 Summarize events leading to World War II, including the militarization of the Rhineland, Germany’s seizure of Austria and Czechoslovakia, Japan’s invasion of China, and the Rape of Nanjing.[A.1.b., A.1.c., A.1.d., A.1.e., A.1.g., A.1.i., A.1.k.] Analyzing the impact of fascism, Nazism, and communism on growing conflicts in Europe Explaining the isolationist debate as it evolved from the 1920s to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent change in United States’ foreign policy Identifying roles of significant World War II leaders Examples: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, George S. Patton, Sir Winston Churchill, Bernard Montgomery, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Emperor Hirohito, Hedeki Tojo, Erwin Rommel, Adolf Hitler Evaluating the impact of the Munich Pact and the failed British policy of appeasement resulting in the invasion of Poland CCRS: Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words in order to address a question or solve a problem. [RI.11-12.7]

12. Agenda Before Bell ringer During Key Terms/Name Section Two Carousel Brainstorming page 706 of TE To help stimulate student prior knowledge. Write each of the following topics on top of its own sheet of flip chart paper. President Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Adolph Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Nazi Party, Holocaust, Pearl Harbor. Organize the class into eight groups and assign each group one of the sheets of paper. Give each group a colored marker. Groups will have two minutes to write anything they think they know about the topic on the paper. After two minutes have each group carousel o the next topic. This time the groups will make corrections or additions and add new information. Continue until each group is back to their original sheet. Wrap up the activity with each group reviewing the added information. After Q&A

13. Objective Describe how postwar conditions contributed to the rise of antidemocratic governments in Europe. Explain why many Americans supported a policy of isolationism in the 1930s.

14. objective Describe how postwar conditions contributed to the rise of antidemocratic governments in Europe. Explain why many American supported a policy of isolationism in the 1930s.

15. Graphic organizer Dictators after World War I 1. Italy 2. Benito Mussolini 3. 4. 5. 6.

16. Graphic Organizer Answers 1. Italy 2. Benito Mussolini 3. Soviet Union 4. Joseph Stalin 5. Germany 6. Adolf Hitler

17. Bell ringer Tuesday, March 30, 2016 1. In 1927 the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin began a massive effort to A. overthrow communism. C. educate the peasants. B. industrialize his country. D. increase trade. 2. One of the new political parties to rise during the political and economic chaos in Germany after World War I was the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, also known as the A. Socialist Party. C. Fascist Party. B. Nazi Party. D. Bolshevik Party.

18. Answer 1. B 2. B

19. Objective Describe how postwar conditions contributed to the rise of antidemocratic governments in Europe. Explain why many Americans supported a policy of isolationism in the 1930s.

20. Agenda Before Bell ringer During Notes Lecture Guided Reading 24-1 After Q&A

21. DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCE What decision did the Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, make regarding the treatment of Germany? How do you think the decision affected Germany? In this section, you will learn about the rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia. You will also learn why Americans supported isolationism in the 1930s.

22. The Rise of Dictators (page 708) The terms of the peace treaty that ended World War I and the economic depression contributed to the rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia. In Italy, Benito Mussolini founded Italy’s Fascist Party.

23. Continued… Fascism was a kind of aggressive nationalism. Fascists believed that the nation was more important than the individual. They believed that to be strong, a nation needed a strong government led by a dictator to impose order on society. Fascists also believed that a nation became strong by expanding its territory and building up its military. Fascists were anti-Communist. Many Europeans feared that Communists were trying to bring down their governments. Fascists played on these fears.

24. Continued… Mussolini marched on Rome in 1922. He claimed that he was coming to defend Italy against a Communist revolution. Conservative leaders of the Italian parliament persuaded the king to appoint Mussolini as the premier and head of the government. Once Mussolini took over, he quickly set up a dictatorship. He was supported by business leaders, landowners, and the Roman Catholic Church.

25. Continued… After the Russian Revolution began in 1917, the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, set up Communist governments throughout the Russian empire. They renamed these territories the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). To control these territories, the Communists set up a one-party rule. They suppressed individual rights. They punished those who opposed them. Joseph Stalin became the Soviet leader by 1926, two years after Lenin died. Stalin started industrialization in the Soviet Union. He also caused the death of 8 to 10 million people who opposed the Communist policies.

26. Continued… In Germany, Adolf Hitler opposed communism. He admired Mussolini. He hated the Allies for their treatment of Germany after World War I. Germany’s condition after the war led to the start of many new political parties. One such party was the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or the Nazi Party. The party was anti-Communist and nationalistic. Hitler was one of the first members of the party.

27. Continued… Hitler wrote his autobiography, entitled Mein Kampf, in which he called for the unification of all Germans under one government. He claimed that certain Germans, especially blond, blue-eyed ones, were part of a “master race” called Aryans. He believed these Germans needed more living space.

28. Continued… Therefore, he wanted Germany to expand east into Poland and Russia. Hitler believed that the people of Eastern Europe were part of an inferior race. Hitler’s racism was especially directed toward Jews. He believed that they were responsible for many of the world’s, including Germany’s, problems.

29. Continued… Hitler worked to have Nazis elected to Germany’s parliament. Many Germans voted for Nazis, hoping that they might lead them out of the Great Depression that struck Germany. By 1932 the Nazis were the largest party in lower house of the German Parliament. Many German leaders supported Hitler and his nationalism. In 1933 they appointed him chancellor, or prime minister. After Hitler took office, he called for new elections. He ordered the police to crack down on the Communist Party and to intimidate voters. After the elections, the Nazi-dominated Parliament gave Hitler the powers of a dictator. Hitler then became president, which gave him control of the army.

30. Continued…. In Japan, the economy was suffering. Japan had to import nearly all the resources it needed to make goods. The country did not make enough money from its exports to pay for the imports it needed. The Depression made the situation even worse.

31. Continued… Many military leaders blamed the poor economy on the corrupt politicians. They believed that the only way for Japan to get the resources it needed was to seize territory. They looked to Manchuria, a province in northern China, which was rich in resources. A group of military officers decided to act alone and invade Manchuria. The prime minister of Japan wanted to end the invasion, but he was assassinated by Japanese officers. The Japanese military was now in control.

32. America Turns to Neutrality (page 711) After World War I, many Americans supported isolationism. They believed that the United States should stay out of international commitments that could bring the United States into a war. Support for isolationism became even stronger when many European nations announced that they could not repay money that they had borrowed during World War I. Then several books appeared, arguing that the arms manufacturers had tricked the United States into entering World War I.

33. Continued… In 1934 Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota had held hearings to find out how involved the United States was. The Nye Committee investigated the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war. This gave the impression that these manufacturers did influence the United States to go to war. In response, Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935, which made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war.

34. Continued…. The Spanish Civil War started in 1936. It was a conflict between the Communist government there and a group of Fascist rebels. The Soviet Union helped the Spanish government. Germany and Italy helped the Fascist rebels. In the same year, Germany and Italy signed an agreement to cooperate on several international issues. This relationship was referred to as the Rome- Berlin Axis. Japan joined Germany and Italy. The three nations became known as the Axis Powers.

35. Continued… The United States passed the Neutrality Act of 1937. It continued to ban the sale of arms. It also required that countries at war buy nonmilitary supplies on a “cash-and-carry” basis. Countries that needed supplies had to send their own ships to pick up the supplies, and they had to pay cash. The United States wanted to avoid a situation that had helped bring it into World War I.

36. Continued… President Roosevelt knew that ending the Depression was his first priority. However, he was not an isolationist. Instead, he supported internationalism. This was the belief that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps to prevent war. Roosevelt knew that isolationism was too strong to resist, however, so he did not veto the Neutrality Acts.

37. Continued… In July 1937, Japan launched a full-scale attack on China. Roosevelt decided to help the Chinese. Because neither China nor Japan had actually declared war, Roosevelt claimed that the Neutrality Act of 1937 did not apply. He ordered the sale of weapons to China. Yet Americans still wanted nothing to do with another war.

38. Bell ringer Thursday, March 31, 2016 1. Who was the leader of the 1936 rebellion in Spain that quickly became a civil war? A. Benito Mussolini C. Francisco Franco B. Vladimir Lenin D. Gerald M. Nye The Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact contained a secret deal between Germany and the Soviet Union to divide A. Czechoslovakia. C. Austria. B. Belgium. D. Poland.

39. Answer 1. C 2. D

40. Objective Explain how Hitler was able to take over Austria and Czechoslovakia. Describe the early events of the war and why Britain was able to resist the Nazis.

41. Agenda Before Bell ringer Book check During Complete GR 24-1 (10 mins) Key Terms/People section two Mapping Skills Europe prior to WWII Note taking Sheet After Q&A

42. KEY TERMS AND NAMES Anschluss the unification of Austria and Germany (page 714) appeasement giving concessions in exchange for peace (page 714) blitzkrieg lightning war (page 715) Maginot Line a line of bunkers and fortifications built by the French along the German border (page 716) Winston Churchill prime minister of Great Britain (page 717) Battle of Britain an all-out German air attack against the British Royal Air Force (page 718)

43. DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCE Why do you think many Americans wanted the United States to follow a policy of isolationism? Do you think that was possible when dictators came to power in several countries of the world? Why or why not? The last section described the rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia after World War I. This section discusses the events that led to the beginning of World War II.

44. Map of Europe prior to WWII

45. Bell ringer Thursday, April 4, 2013 1. The air battle between the German Luftwaffe and the British air force that began in June 1940 and lasted into the fall of 1940 became known as A. sitzkrieg. C. the Munich Crisis. B. the Battle of Britain. D. the “Miracle at Dunkirk.” 2. In late 1937, Hitler concluded that Germany would gain supplies of food, defensible frontiers, and soldiers by seizing Austria and A. Czechoslovakia. C. Belgium. B. Poland. D. France.

46. Answer 1. B 2. A

47. Objective Explain how Hitler was able to take over Austria and Czechoslovakia. Describe the early events of the war and why Britain was able to resist the Nazis.

48. Agenda Before Bell ringer Book check During Note taking Sheet After Q&A

49. “Peace in Our Time” (page 713) European leaders did not try to stop Hitler. They thought that if they gave in to his demands, they would be able to avoid another war. They also thought that Hitler’s idea that all German-speaking regions of Europe be united with Germany was reasonable. They also believed that if the Nazis received more territory, they would be more interested in peace.

50. Continued…. Hitler wanted Austria and Czechoslovakia. He believed these territories would provide Germany with food and soldiers. Hitler threatened to invade Austria unless Austrian Nazis were given important government posts. The Austrian chancellor decided to put the possibility of Austrian unification with Germany to a vote. Hitler feared the results, so he sent troops into Austria and announced the Anschluss, or unification, of Austria and Germany.

51. Continued… Hitler then announced that he wanted an area of Czechoslovakia that had many German-speaking people. Unlike Austria, which had a common culture and language with Germany, people in Czechoslovakia spoke many different languages. It was also allied with the Soviet Union and France. The Czechs resisted Germany’s demands for a portion of their nation.

52. Continued… To help stop another war, in September 1938, Britain, France, Italy, and Germany sent representatives to a meeting in Munich, Germany, to decide what to do about Czechoslovakia. At the meeting, Britain and France agreed to Hitler’s demands. This policy became known as appeasement, or giving concessions in exchange for peace. They believed that if they gave Hitler what he wanted, war could be avoided. Germany violated the agreement in March 1939, when German troops marched into Czechoslovakia.

53. Continued… Hitler then demanded Poland. The British and French knew that appeasement had failed. In May 1939, Hitler ordered the German army to prepare to invade Poland. He then began negotiations with the USSR, because he did not want to have to fight the Soviets if he was going to have to fight Britain and France. In August 1939, Germany and the USSR signed the nonaggression pact. Britain and France believed that Hitler made the deal with the USSR to free himself to fight a war against them and Poland. They did not know that the nonaggression pact included a deal between Germany and the USSR to divide Poland between them.

54. The War Begins (page 715) Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. It invaded Poland from the west, and the Soviets invaded it from the east. Hitler assumed that Britain and France would use appeasement toward him as they did before. However, on September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany. World War II had started.

55. Continued… The Germans used a new type of warfare called blitzkrieg, or lightning war. This type of warfare used large numbers of tanks to break through and encircle enemy positions. In addition, waves of aircraft bombed enemy positions. Blitzkrieg depended on radios to coordinate tanks and aircraft. The Polish army was not able to defend itself against the German attack. By October 5, 1939, the Polish army had been defeated.

56. Continued… Countries in western Europe were waiting for the Germans to attack. After World War I, France had built a line of concrete bunkers and fortifications called the Maginot Line along the German border. Rather than attacking the Germans, the French waited behind the Maginot Line for the Germans to arrive.

57. Continued… After invading Poland, Germany attacked Norway and Denmark on April 9, 1940, and controlled both nations within a month. Hitler then turned his attention on France. He decided to go around the Maginot Line by starting a blitzkrieg against Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The British and French forces moved north into Belgium. The Germans, however, sent their troops through the mountains in Luxembourg and eastern Belgium.

58. Continued… The French did not think the Germans could get their tanks through the mountains. As a result, they left few troops to defend that area. The Germans easily got through and moved west across northern France to the English Channel. The British and French forces could not move into France quickly enough. They were stuck in Belgium.

59. Continued… After the Allied troops were trapped in Belgium, Germans moved toward the English Channel. The Germans had captured all but one port, Dunkirk, in northern France near Belgium. As German forces moved close to Dunkirk, Hitler surprisingly ordered them to stop. This gave the British time to evacuate. About 850 ships headed to Dunkirk from England. By June 4, about 338,000 British and French troops had been evacuated. However, most of the British army’s equipment remained at Dunkirk. This meant that it would almost be impossible to stop Hitler if he invaded Britain.

60. Continued…. On June 22, 1940, France surrendered to Hitler. Germany then installed a puppet government in the town of Vichy, France, to govern France. The Germans believed it would be easy to take Britain.

61. Britain Remains Defiant (page 717) Hitler expected Britain to surrender just as France did. For British prime minister Winston Churchill, surrender was not an option. When Hitler realized that Britain would not surrender, he prepared to invade. Getting across the English Channel was a problem for Germany, however. Germany had few transport ships, so it would first have to defeat the British air force. In June 1940, the German air force, called the Luftwaffe, began to attack British ships in the English Channel. Then in August, Germany started an all-out air attack to destroy the British Royal Air Force. This battle lasted into October and became known as the Battle of Britain.

62. Continued… On August 23, German airplanes bombed London. This attack on civilians angered the British, who responded by bombing Berlin. Hitler responded by stopping the attacks on British military targets and concentrating them on London itself. Hitler wanted to terrorize the British people into surrendering. The British people did not do so and hid in the subways when the bombers appeared.

63. Continued… The British Royal Air Force was greatly outnumbered, but it had an advantage. It had developed the use of radar. As a result, the British were able to detect incoming German planes and to intercept them. They inflicted more damage on the Germans than they endured. On October 12, 1940, Hitler canceled his plans to invade Britain.

64. 24-2 Graphic Organizer Adolf Hitler made continuous demands for territory. Britain and France met some of the demands in an effort to avoid war. In he diagram, list Hitler's demands in the order in which they occurred, starting at 1937. Hitler’s Demands

65. 24-2 Graphic Organizer Answers 1. Austria 2. Czechoslovakia 3.

66. Bell ringer Friday, April 1, 2016` 1. List the three countries Hitler took control over starting in 1937. 2. What was the date that WWII officially began?

67. Answer 1. Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland 2. September 1, 1939

68. Objective Describe Nazi prejudices against Jews and early persecution of German Jews. Explain the methods Hitler used to try to exterminate Europe’s Jewish population.

69. Agenda Before Bell ringer Key Terms/People Oral Review During Guided Reading 24-2 Oprah and Elie Weisel at Auscwitz http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Whh0o4lvX4E After Q&A

70. Bell ringer Monday, April 4, 2016 In late 1937, Hitler concluded that Germany would gain supplies of food, defensible frontiers, and soldiers by seizing Austria and A. Czechoslovakia. C. Belgium. B. Poland. D. France. After the fall of Poland, Hitler and his generals decided to attack A. Belgium and Luxembourg. B. Japan and China. C. Norway and Denmark. D. France and England.

71. Answer 1. A 2. C

72. Objective Describe the Nazi prejudices against Jews and early persecution of German Jews. Explain the methods Hitler used to try to exterminate Europe’s Jewish Population.

73. Agenda Before Bell ringer Oral Review During Finish Oprah and Elie Weisel at Auschwitz http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Whh0o4lvX4E Quiz on Auschwitz video Key Terms/people section three Notes 24-3 After Q&A

74. THE HOLOCAUST KEY TERMS AND NAMES Holocaust the mass killing of Jews and other civilians carried out by the Nazi government before and during World War II (page 719) Shoah the Hebrew term for Holocaust, meaning “catastrophe” (page 720) Nuremberg Laws German laws that took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriage between Jews and Germans (page 720) Wannsee Conference a meeting held by Nazi leaders to determine the “final solution of the Jewish question” (page 723) concentration camps detention centers set up by Nazis to which Jews were taken (page 723) extermination camps places attached to concentration camps in which Jews were executed in massive gas chambers (page 723)

75. DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCE What is the Holocaust? Have you seen movies or read books about the Holocaust? What was the focus of the movie or the book? The last section described the events that led to the beginning of World War II. This section discusses Germany’s treatment of the Jews and the Holocaust.

76. Bell ringer Tuesday, April 5, 2016 1. What event in 1938 marked a significant escalation in the Nazi policy of persecution against the Jews? A. Kristallnacht C. Wannsee Conference B. Nuremberg Laws D. Battle of Britain 2. Few Americans wanted to raise immigration quotas, even to accommodate European A. leaders. C. peace. B. trade. D. refugees.

77. Answer 1. A 2. D

78. Objective Describe the Nazi prejudices against Jews and early persecution of German Jews. Explain the methods Hitler used to try to exterminate Europe’s Jewish Population.

79. Agenda Before Bell ringer Oral Review During Key Terms/people section three Notes 24-3 Guided Reading After Q&A

80. Nazi Persecution of the Jews (page 719) Millions of Jews suffered terrible persecutions before and during World War II. During the Holocaust, the catastrophe that devastated Europe’s Jews, the Nazis killed nearly 6 million Jews. They also killed millions of other people from groups that they considered inferior. The Hebrew term for the Holocaust is Shoah, meaning “catastrophe.” It is often used specifically to refer to the Nazi campaign to exterminate the Jews during World War II.

81. Continued… In Germany, the Nazis executed the racial policies that Hitler had outlined in his book Mein Kampf. The Nazis persecuted anyone who opposed them, as well as disabled people, Gypsies, homosexuals, and Slavic peoples. However, their hatred focused most on the Jews. In September 1935, the Nazis set up the Nuremberg Laws.

82. Continued… These took citizenship away from the Jewish Germans and banned marriage between Jews and other Germans. Another law defined a Jew as a person with at least one Jewish grandparent and did not allow Jews to hold public office or vote. Passports of Jews were marked with a red “J” to clearly identify them as Jewish. Jews lost their right to work as journalists, farmers, teachers, lawyers, and doctors and to operate businesses. With no income, life became very difficult for Jews in Germany. Many Jews chose to stay in Germany during the early years of Nazi rule. They did not want to give up the lives they had built there.

83. Continued… On November 7, 1938, a Jewish refugee shot and killed a German diplomat in Paris. He was upset about the 10,000 Jews, including his father, being deported from Germany to Poland and wanted revenge. Hitler retaliated by staging attacks against the Jews. The night of November 9, 1938, saw anti- Jewish violence across Germany and Austria.

84. Continued… The night came to be called Kristallnacht, or “night of broken glass.” It was called that because broken glass littered the streets afterward. Many Jews were killed and hundreds were injured. After that night, the Gestapo, the government’s secret police, arrested at least 20,000 wealthy Jews. They let them go only if they agreed to leave Germany and give up all their possessions.

85. Continued… Many Jews decided to leave Germany and flee to the United States. By 1939 about 350,000 Jews had escaped Germany. However, there was a backlog of visa applications from Jews trying to leave Germany. As a result, millions of Jews remained trapped in Nazi-dominated Europe.

86. Continued… Jewish immigration to the United States was hampered by several factors. Nazis did not allow Jews to take more than about four dollars out of Germany. Many countries refused to accept Jewish immigrants. The United States was reluctant to do so because laws prohibited immigration by people who might need financial assistance. Americans thought that this was true of the Jews because Germans forced them to leave their money and possessions behind. High unemployment rates in the United States made immigration unpopular. Also, immigration quotas that set fixed quotas from each country were in place.

87. The Final Solution (page 723) In January 1942, Nazi leaders met at the Wannsee Conference to determine the “final solution of the Jewish question.” The Nazis made plans to round up Jews from throughout Nazi-controlled Europe and take them to detention centers known as concentration camps. People in these camps would work as slave laborers until they died of exhaustion, disease, or malnutrition. The elderly, children, and the unhealthy would be sent to extermination camps, which were attached to concentration camps, to be executed in massive gas chambers.

88. Continued… The Nazis built concentration camps throughout Europe. One of the largest was Buchenwald, in Germany. Prisoners there worked 12-hour shifts as slave laborers in nearby factories. Hundreds died every month as a result of exhaustion and horrible living conditions. The Nazis built extermination camps in several concentration camps, mostly in Poland. About 12,000 people were sometimes gassed in a single day at Auschwitz. About 1,300,000 of the 1,600,000 people who died at Auschwitz were Jews. The others included Poles, Gypsies, and Soviet prisoners-of-war.

89. Continued… People continue to debate why and how the Holocaust could have happened. Most historians believe that several factors contributed to it. The German people felt they were harmed by the harsh treaty after World War I. Germany faced severe economic problems. Hitler had a strong hold on Germany. Germany did not have a strong tradition of representative government. Germans feared Hitler’s secret police. Europe had a long history of anti-Jewish prejudice and discrimination.

90. Graphic Organizer 24-3 Factors That Contributed to the Holocaust 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. A long history of anti-jewish prejudice and discrimination in Europe.

91. Go 24-3 Answers 1.German peoples harsh treatment by the treaty that ended WWII. 2.Germany's severe economic problems. 3. Hitler's strong hold on Germany 4. The lack of a strong representative government in Germany. 5. German’s fear of Hitler’s secret police. 6. A long history of anit-jewish prejudice and discrimination in Europe.

92. Bell ringer Wednesday, April 6, 2016 1. What was the name of one of the first and largest concentration camps built near the town of Weimar in 1937? A. Wannsee C. Treblinka B. Buchenwald D. Kristallnacht 2. The Nazis reserved their strongest hatred for Jews, although they also held other groups in contempt including homosexuals, the disabled, Gypsies, and A. brown-eyed people. C. Slavic peoples. B. Scandinavians. D. the Japanese.

93. Answer 1. B 2. C

94. Objective Explain how Roosevelt helped Britain while maintaining Europe's Jewish population. Trace the events that led to increasing tensions, and ultimately war, between the United State and Japan.

95. Agenda Students will: Before Bell ringer AHSGE Review 1 to 2 questions Oral Review During Section 4 Key Terms/People PowerPoint Guided Reading Note taking sheet After Q&A

96. KEY TERMS AND NAMES Section 4 America First Committee an isolationist group that firmly opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies (page 726) Lend-Lease Act a law that would allow the United States to lend or lease arms to any country considered vital to the defense of the United States (page 727) hemispheric defense zone the western half of the Atlantic which was declared part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral (page 727) Atlantic Charter an agreement between the United States and Britain to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement and freedom of the seas (page 727) strategic materials materials important for fighting a war (page 729)

97. DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCE Imagine that you are living in the United States in 1940. How do you think you would have felt about the nation becoming involved in the war overseas? Why? The last section described Germany’s treatment of the Jews and the Holocaust. This section discusses the events that led to the U.S. entry into World War II.

98. FDR Supports England (page 725) After Britain and France declared war on Germany, President Roosevelt declared the United States neutral. He wanted to help the two nations against Hitler, however. Roosevelt asked Congress to revise the Neutrality Acts. It had forbidden the sale of American weapons to any country at war. The revised law did allow warring countries to buy weapons as long as they paid cash and carried the arms away on their own ships.

99. Continued… In May 1940, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill began asking President Roosevelt to give old American destroyers to Britain. Britain had lost most of its destroyers. It needed destroyers to protect its cargo ships from German submarines and to help prevent a German invasion of Britain. Roosevelt agreed to do so. He sent old American destroyers in exchange for the right to build American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and islands in the Caribbean.

100. The Isolationist Debate (page 726) By 1940 most Americans supported offering limited aid to the Allies. Yet there was a wide range of opinions. At one end was the Fight for Freedom Committee. It urged the repeal of all neutrality laws and stronger action against Germany. The Committee to defend America by Aiding the Allies pushed for increased American aid to the Allies but not military intervention.

101. Continued… Roosevelt’s destroyers-for-bases deal led to the establishment of the America First Committee. This was an isolationist group that opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies. President Roosevelt decided to run for a third term as president. He believed that at this point, a change of leadership might not be in the country’s best interest. During the 1940 campaign, Roosevelt called for a course between neutrality and intervention. He was re-elected by a wide margin.

102. Edging Toward War (page 727) After he was re-elected, Roosevelt began to expand the nation’s role in the war. He said that only Britain stood between the United States and a German attack. By December 1940, Britain had no funds left to fight Germany. President Roosevelt came up with a way to get around the cash-and-carry policy, which Britain could no longer meet.

103. Continued… The Lend-Lease Act allowed the United States to lend or lease arms to any country that was considered vital to the defense of the United States. As a result, the United States could send weapons to Britain if Britain promised to return or pay rent for them after the war. Congress passed the Lend- Lease Act. Lend-lease aid eventually included aid to the Soviet Union as well. In June 1941, Hitler violated the Nazi-Soviet pact and started a massive invasion of the Soviet Union. Although Churchill detested communism, he promised to aid any nation that helped fight Nazism. Roosevelt agreed with him.

104. Continued… The United States faced the problem of how to get supplies and arms to Britain. German submarines were sinking ships in the Atlantic. Roosevelt could not order the navy to protect British ships because the United States was neutral. As a result, he set up the idea of a hemispheric defense zone. Roosevelt said that the entire western half of the Atlantic was part of the Western Hemisphere and was therefore neutral. He ordered the navy to patrol the western Atlantic and point out the location of German submarines to the British.

105. Continued… In August 1941, Roosevelt and Churchill met and agreed to the Atlantic Charter. The leaders agreed to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas. Then in early September a German U-boat fired on the American destroyer Greer. The destroyer had been radioing the U-boat’s position to the British. Roosevelt ordered American ships to follow a shoot-on-sight policy toward German submarines. The Germans escalated hostilities. They torpedoed two American destroyers. One was the Reuben James. It sank, and 115 sailors died.

106. Japan Attacks the United States (page 728) Roosevelt’s goal between August 1939 and December 1941 was to help Britain and its allies defeat Germany. Much of the British navy was needed in Asia to protect British territory from an attack by the Japanese. However, Britain had to move many of its ships from Asia to the Atlantic to defend Britain against Germany. As a result, Roosevelt introduced policies to discourage the Japanese from attacking the British Empire.

107. Continued… In July 1940, Congress passed the Export Control Act. The law gave Roosevelt the power to restrict the sale of strategic materials to other nations. These were materials that were important for fighting a war. Roosevelt blocked the sale of airplane fuel and scrap iron to Japan. This angered the Japanese, who signed an alliance with Germany and Italy and became a member of the Axis Powers.

108. Continued… By July 1941, Japan had sent troops to southern Indochina. This was a threat to the British Empire. Japan was now in a position to bomb Hong Kong and Singapore. Roosevelt responded by freezing Japanese assets in the United States. He reduced the amount of oil being shipped to Japan. He also sent General Douglas MacArthur to the Philippines to build up American defenses there. Roosevelt said the ban on oil would be lifted if Japan would leave Indochina and make peace with China.

109. Continued… The Japanese government appeared to be negotiating with the United States. The United States, however, had decoded Japanese communications that showed Japan was preparing to go to war against the United States. On November 27, 1941, American commanders at the Pearl Harbor naval base received a war warning from Washington. Pearl Harbor was thought to be too great a distance from Japan. Washington did not think that Japan would launch an attack from that distance.

110. Continued… On December 7, 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. Japan sank or damaged 21 ships of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. It also destroyed 188 airplanes, killed 2,403 Americans, and injured 1,178. The next day, Congress voted to declare war on Japan. On December 11, Germany and Italy both declared war on the United States.

111. Bell ringer Thursday, April 07, 2016 1. In June 1941, in violation of the Nazi-Soviet pact, Hitler launched a massive invasion of A. Norway. C. the Soviet Union. B. Bulgaria. D. Czechoslovakia. 2. In 1941 President Roosevelt began sending lend-lease aid to A. China. C. the Philippines. B. Britain. D. France.

112. Answer 1. C 2. B

113. Objective Students will review for test Friday by creating flash cards.

114. Agenda Students will: Before Bell ringer AHSGE Review 1 to 2 questions Oral Review During Create flashcards for test Notebook check 1 After Q&A

115. Bell ringer Friday, April 12, 2013 Sit silently and study for your test.

116. Objective Students will be tested on ch. 24.

117. agenda Students will: Before Bell ringer Oral Review During Chapter 24 test m(1 st -4 th ) Study guide (5 th and 7 th ) After Q&A

118. Completion and matching CompletionMatching Aryans = AF = A,B December 7, 1941 = BG = B,C Appeasement = CH = C,D Atlantic Charter = DI = D,E Poland = EJ = A,E Lend-Lease = D Shoah = E