1. HOW AMERICA MOVED PAST THE CIVIL WAR AND BEGAN TO UNIFY THE COUNTRY AGAIN Reconstruction: 1865-1877

2. April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant, officially ending the Civil War With this also comes multiple questions including what to do with 4 million newly freed slaves, how to punish the Confederacy, and how to rebuild the South

3. Reconstruction: 1865-1877

4. Reconstruction: The effort to rebuild the southern states and restore the union after the end of the Civil War President Lincoln had planned for Reconstruction for some time, but was assassinated 5 days after the war ended by John Wilkes Booth

5. Reconstruction: 1865-1877

6. Lincolns Plan: “The Ten Percent Plan” Goal: Return all states back to the Union 1. 10% of all residents in each state would have to swear an oath of loyalty for the state to return 2. A full pardon would be offered to all southerners 3. Southern states must abolish slavery in their state constitutions

7. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 This plan was viewed as lenient towards the South with the goal of restoring the Union without vengeance However, Lincoln is assassinated before his plan is implemented, President Andrew Johnson takes office and has his own plan for Reconstruction.

8. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 Johnson’s Plan: (1865-1868) A compromise of Lincoln and the Radical Republicans in Congress 1. Any confederate official needed a pardon before he could vote or run for office 2. Southern states had to ratify the 13 th Amendment It did very little to help newly freed slaves however

9. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 The South resented newly freed African-Americans and would do whatever they could to still keep them down Black Codes: Measures taken to keep African- Americans in nearly slave-like conditions. (KKK, Poll Taxes and Literacy Tests for voting)

10. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 The Republicans in Congress felt Johnson’s plan was too lenient and wanted harsher punishments President Johnson wouldn’t listen to Congress and vetoed their plan for Reconstruction Eventually Johnson was impeached but not kicked out of office, and the Radical Republican Plan would take affect!

11. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 Radical Republican Plan (1868-1877) 1. 50% of all residents would need to swear an oath of loyalty, and excluded all former soldiers 2. South divided into 5 military districts, run by the U.S. Army 3. States had to allow African-American males the right to vote and pass the 14 th amendment

12. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 The election of 1876 would end Reconstruction. A deal is made to allow Rutherford B. Hayes win the presidency if he removes the federal troops from the south. With the troops gone, the south enforces… Jim Crow Laws: Laws that forced the segregation, (separation) of the races in public

13. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 With Reconstruction over, America can now move on to continuing to industrialize and improve as a unified nation Unfortunately in the south, racism is rampant, governments are corrupt, and there is legalized segregation of the races that will be deemed Constitutional for nearly a century.