1. Cultural Diffusion

2. Elements of Culture that have been diffused into other cultures: Baseball Baseball was developed into the game it is now in the US in the late 18 th century. What is the common saying here in the US? “As American as ___________ “

3. Other examples of cultural diffusion:

13. Brainstorm What are some similarities between cultures? What are some differences between cultures?

14. Cultural Diffusion: the spreading of a cultural trait (material object, idea, or behavior pattern) from one society to another Diffusion can also be viewed as a cultural ‘exchange’ The relative isolation of a Hindu temple located in Texas, far from its religious hearth in India, would most likely indicate relocation diffusion as a result of migration from India to Texas

15. What is “CULTURE”? Culture : the learned behaviors, beliefs, patterns of interaction, and materials of a particular social, ethnic, or age group. Ahisma is a religious tenet shared by Hinduism and Buddhism. Ahisma discourages violence against other living beings.

16. Cultural Similarities? Do cultures develop similarities separately from one another? Do cultures somehow borrow from one another? If cultures borrow, how can two cultures geographically far away from each other share things before modern times? Structural assimilation measures the ability of a minority group to fully integrate into a host society, a process that necessarily undermines the integrity of ethnic enclaves. Chain migration, residential segregation, multiculturalism, and multinucleated urban structure all support the notion that ethnic enclaves should persist

17. Cultural Diffusion A process in which one cultural trait, material object, idea, or behavior pattern is spread from one society to another. Can be intentional or unintentional Can have both positive and negative consequences The adobe house is ideally suited for a diurnal climate characterized by hot daytime temperatures and cold nighttime temperatures because its thick earthen walls absorb heat in the day and release it at night. This is why adobe is a vernacular architectural style common to the American Southwest, where a diurnal climate is present

18. Cultural Diffusion How can cultural diffusion happen intentionally and unintentionally? What are some positive and negative consequences that can come from the spread of traits? Folk cultures are more homogeneous than popular cultures because they belong to smaller groups of individuals who share a common local environment, a common history, and common values. Unlike popular cultures, folk cultures are more insulated, less exposed to outside influences, and less liable to frequent changes over time

19. Methods of Cultural Diffusion 1. Direct Diffusion- direct contact between two cultures i.e trade, intermarriage, warfare. 2. Forced Diffusion/Expansion Diffusion- one culture defeats another and forces its beliefs and customs on the conquered group. 3. Indirect Diffusion - culture spread through middleman or another culture. A dialect is a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group. A dialect is a cultural trait, a single aspect of an overarching cultural complex

20. The Gunpowder Dynasties A series of Muslim dynasties in India, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe that conquered large areas and created cultures that combined Muslim identities with local beliefs A Mormon church located in Colorado is most likely the result of expansion diffusion, given the proximity of northwestern Colorado to the Mormon religious hearth, located in the neighboring state of Utah

21. The Renaissance A time of “rebirth” and explosion of creativity that both drew from classical Greek, Roman, and Arabic culture and spread throughout Europe. A built landscape that shows evidence of abandonment, disinvestment, and general neglect is considered derelict. Derelict landscapes can range from vacant housing complexes in disrepair to abandoned factories to littered and overgrown recreational fields, to name a few examples

22. The Reformation A time of religious change that led to the development of many new sects of Christianity and the spread of new religious ideas throughout the western world A dogtrot house, which features a covered breezeway situated in between two separately enclosed cabins, was a popular vernacular house style in the American South before air-conditioning. The central breezeway, which channeled air currents through the covered space, provided a relatively cool, partially enclosed living area during summer months

23. Exploration A period of discovery where European monarchs funded explorers missions to India, China, and the “new world”. This period led to the spread of various foods, diseases, and cultural items throughout the world. Landmarks are distinctive points of reference, such as a clock tower or billboard sign, that help individuals orient themselves in familiar spaces. Nodes, on the other hand, are points of intersection, such as a bridge or city square, which help individuals navigate through familiar spaces