1. Cultural Patterns and Processes Observing the cultural landscape

2. Concepts of Culture Non-materialCulture –Values –Beliefs –Behaviors –Norms Material Culture - Artifacts – tangible objects

3. Culture Region Culture Trait – A single attribute – clothing Culture complex – value, belief, behavior that make a group distinct. Cattle Cultural hearth – where civilizations first began – Indus River – Nile River – Fertile Crescent

4. Cultural Diffusion Expansion Diffusion –Contagious diffusion –Hierarchical diffusion –Stimulus diffusion – veggie burger instead of hamburger in India Relocation Diffusion – individuals migrating carry innovation or idea with them.

5. Acculturation Less dominant culture adopts traits of the more influential one. Assimilation – Dominant culture absorbs less dominate one

6. Language Language family –Indo-European –Afro-Asiatic –American Indian Sub-Family of Indo- European Germanic, Romance are 2 examples

7. Languages Standard language – Those recognized by gov’t Official language – Gov’t sponsored language (tie people together) Dialect – Regional variation in a language Pidgen – hybrid language that serves as a second language often for trade and commerce.

8. Languages (cont.) Creole language – When a pidgin language becomes a main language Lingua Franca – Establish language that is spoken over a large area, often used for trade and commerce – English Toponym – Place names

9. Religion Universalizing religions attempt to be global, to appeal to all people – Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism Ethnic religions – Appeal primarily to one group of people – Judaism Branch – division within a religion Denomination – divisions of branches Sect – relatively small groups that do not affiliate with mainstream.

10. Followers Christianity – 2 billion – 3 branches Roman Catholic 50% of Christianity Protestants 25% of Christianity Eastern Orthodox 10 % of Christianity

11. Islam Sunni – 83% - largest branch in the Middle East and Asia Shiites – 16% - 40% live in Iran 1.3 billion adherents Fastest growing of the major religions

12. Buddhism May follow more than one religion. 365 million adherents Hearth in India, spread through the Silk Road – today mostly in S. & SE Asia as well as Tibet and Mongolia. 3 branches –Mahayana – East Asia –Theraveda – SE Asia –Tantrayana – Tibet and Mongolia

13. Hinduism Ethnic Religion 800 million adherents 3 rd largest Make-up 80% of the population of India World’s oldest religion Belief in universal spirit (Brahman)

14. Other Religions Chinese Confucianism Daoism Japan Shintoism Judaism – First major monotheistic religion

15. Popular and Local (Folk) culture Local culture – Group of people who share experiences, customs, and traits which allows them to be distinct from other groups. Popular culture – Large heterogeneous population with a common culture.

16. House types New England Mid Atlantic Southern Tidewater See page 121 in text