1. CLAUSES & SENTENCES EVERYTHING YOU’VE ALWAYS BEEN ABSOLUTELY DYING TO KNOW

2. SENTENCES any group of words that a)begins with a capital letter AND b) ends with one of these. (period) ? (question mark) ! (exclamation point) We just read a cool book it was about a kid in a crazy society where people get released if they commit three transgressions, but getting released really means that they get killed and they can’t really feel love I think maybe it’s a dystopia.

3. CLAUSES (NOT THE FAT GUYS FROM THE NORTH POLE) Punctuation (periods, commas, and whatnot) often depends on clauses. A clause has two parts: SUBJECT + PREDICATE The thing that the clause is about What is being said about the subject Jonas has pale eyes.Jonas receives memories, gets angry, andruns away. Jonas and Asher are kids.Jonas, Asher, and Fiona studied, volunteered, and played games.

4. NOW YOU DO IT Read the first paragraph on your handout. Underline the subjects once. Underline the predicates twice. Circle the clauses (subject + predicate)

5. LET’S SEE HOW WE DID It was almost December, and Jonas was beginning to be frightened. No. Wrong word, Jonas thought. Frightened meant that deep, sickening feeling of something terrible about to happen. Frightened was the way he had felt a year ago when an unidentified aircraft had overflown the community twice. He had seen it both times. Squinting toward the sky, he had seen the sleek jet, almost a blur at its high speed, go past, and a second later heard the blast of sound that followed. Then one more time, a moment later, from the opposite direction, the same plane.

6. TYPES OF SENTENCES – SIMPLE The Formula: 1 Independent Clause (Subject + Predicate) From now on, let’s call an independent clause I-CL Examples: Jonas cried. Jonas cried and whined. Jonas and The Giver talked. Jonas and The Giver talked and laughed.

7. TYPES OF SENTENCES – COMPOUND The Formula: I-CL, for/and/nor/but/or/yet/so I-CL. Examples: Jonas cried, for he was sad. Jonas cried and whined, so Asher laughed out loud. Jonas and The Giver talked, yet they said nothing. Jonas and The Giver talked and laughed, or did they?

8. TYPES OF SENTENCES – COMPLEX The Formula: I-CL because/when/after/since/so I-CL. Because/when/after/since/so I-CL, I-CL. Examples: Jonas cried because he was sad. Because he was sad, Jonas cried. Jonas ran away so the community would get memories. So the community would get memories, Jonas ran away.

9. NOW YOU DO IT Read the sentences on Part II of your handout. Identify the Simple Sentences by writing S in the blank. Identify the Compound Sentences by writing CD in the blank. Identify the Complex Sentences by writing CX in the blank.

10. LET’S SEE HOW WE DID _______ Finally the obstruction of the piled snow was too much for the thin runners of the sled, and he came to a stop. _______ He sat there for a moment, panting, holding the rope in his cold hands. _______ Jonas sat up and tried to answer honestly. _______ It wasn’t a practical thing, so it became obsolete. _______ I didn’t try this time because it was so new. _______ The old man shrugged and gave a short laugh. _______ It was given to me when I was a new Receiver. _______ It was not as exciting as the ride through the snowy air, but it was pleasurable and comforting. _______ Since you asked the question, I think I have enough energy for one more transmission.