1. The Road to the Revolution Why did the colonists rebel?

2. How did these events lead to rebellion? French Indian War Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763 Sugar Act of 1764 Stamp Act of 1765 Declaratory Act 1766 Townshend Acts Quartering Acts Boston Massacre Committees of Correspondence French Indian War Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763 Sugar Act of 1764 Stamp Act of 1765 Declaratory Act 1766 Townshend Acts Quartering Acts Boston Massacre Committees of Correspondence Tea Act, Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Quebec Act 1 st Cont Congress Lexington & Concord 2 nd Cont Congress Common Sense Declaration of Ind Dunmore’s Proclamation

3. French & Indian War Conflict was started over land in Ohio River Valley Colonists not doing well at first William Pitt helped the British /colonists win by giving the British money and troops for the North America conflict. Put British in debt, led them to tax colonists Conflict was started over land in Ohio River Valley Colonists not doing well at first William Pitt helped the British /colonists win by giving the British money and troops for the North America conflict. Put British in debt, led them to tax colonists

4. French and Indian War Two sides Britain and the colonies vs. France and many Indian tribes including the Iroquois Fought over land in the Ohio River Valley and domination of overseas trade (fur, sugar, etc.) Results: Britain and the colonies nearly lost until British Secretary of State William Pitt poured money and troops into the war won land in Ohio River Valley Britain was  147 million in debt, would need to tax colonies to make up debt Colonies felt stronger after defeating the French Two sides Britain and the colonies vs. France and many Indian tribes including the Iroquois Fought over land in the Ohio River Valley and domination of overseas trade (fur, sugar, etc.) Results: Britain and the colonies nearly lost until British Secretary of State William Pitt poured money and troops into the war won land in Ohio River Valley Britain was  147 million in debt, would need to tax colonies to make up debt Colonies felt stronger after defeating the French

5. British Colonies before and after the French and Indian War

6. Pontiac’s Rebellion Attack Ottawa Chief Pontiac and his allies against British settlers on NW frontier to drive European settlers out Killed over 2000 settlers Failed to take Fort Pitt & Fort Detroit-their offensive lost steam Ran out of food/supplies, they form a truce Result: colonists now had military control of Indian lands in the west Attack Ottawa Chief Pontiac and his allies against British settlers on NW frontier to drive European settlers out Killed over 2000 settlers Failed to take Fort Pitt & Fort Detroit-their offensive lost steam Ran out of food/supplies, they form a truce Result: colonists now had military control of Indian lands in the west

7. Pontiac’s Rebellion

8. Proclamation of 1763 British barred settlement west of Appalachian Mountains Goal- separate Indians and colonists, protecting colonists from Indian attacks Colonists angered- felt they had sacrificed lives to obtain this land, British interfering with their “providential” (god-given) destiny to expand British barred settlement west of Appalachian Mountains Goal- separate Indians and colonists, protecting colonists from Indian attacks Colonists angered- felt they had sacrificed lives to obtain this land, British interfering with their “providential” (god-given) destiny to expand

9. British Proclamation Line of 1763

10. Sugar Act Lowered tax on sugar from 6 to 3 pence British began to enforce tax when they had not enforced it before- colonial smuggling became more difficult Colonial merchants losing $ British- called colonists tax evaders “No taxation without representation” Colonists saw it as an unfair tax, British felt the colonists needed to pay their fair share. Lowered tax on sugar from 6 to 3 pence British began to enforce tax when they had not enforced it before- colonial smuggling became more difficult Colonial merchants losing $ British- called colonists tax evaders “No taxation without representation” Colonists saw it as an unfair tax, British felt the colonists needed to pay their fair share.

12. Anti-Saccharites, or John Bull and his Family leaving off the use of Sugar. To the masters and mistresses of Families in Great Britain, this Noble Example of Economy, is respectfully submitted.

13. Stamp Act of 1765 British taxed paper documents (playing cards, contracts, letters, newspapers) Colonists revolted- Created Stamp Act Congress in NYC to discuss their options (united the upper classes from 9 colonies) Staged Stamp Act Riots protesting the tax (attacked property, threatened stamp distributors, hung people in effigy)- united lower classe British response- Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766 British taxed paper documents (playing cards, contracts, letters, newspapers) Colonists revolted- Created Stamp Act Congress in NYC to discuss their options (united the upper classes from 9 colonies) Staged Stamp Act Riots protesting the tax (attacked property, threatened stamp distributors, hung people in effigy)- united lower classe British response- Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766

14. Stamp Act Protest from Above & Below Cartoon of a Stamp Act Riot Patrick Henry's speech on the Virginia Resolves (an 1851 painting by Peter F. Rothermel)

15. Declaratory Act of 1766 Parliament declares their full power and authority to make laws that are binding in the colonies.

16. Townshend Acts of 1767 Tax on lead, glass, paint/dyes and tea Created writs of assistance- allowed British troops to search colonial homes to make sure people paid the tax. Colonists were angered over invasion of privacy rights. Boycotts involving “Daughters of Liberty” Spinning bees- women’s contribution to boycotts Tax on lead, glass, paint/dyes and tea Created writs of assistance- allowed British troops to search colonial homes to make sure people paid the tax. Colonists were angered over invasion of privacy rights. Boycotts involving “Daughters of Liberty” Spinning bees- women’s contribution to boycotts

17. Colonial Women Spinning Source: http://www.nwhm.org/images/Industry/woman%20spinning.jpg Source: http://romancereaderatheart.com/colonial/timeline/spinni ngwheellrg.jpg

18. Quartering Acts of 1765 Colonists were required to provide food and housing to British soldiers sent to enforce taxes/laws in the colonies. Angered at loss of privacy, right to be secure in their homes New York Assembly refused to comply Parliament suspended the Assembly Colonists saw it as an attack on their right to rule themselves Colonists were required to provide food and housing to British soldiers sent to enforce taxes/laws in the colonies. Angered at loss of privacy, right to be secure in their homes New York Assembly refused to comply Parliament suspended the Assembly Colonists saw it as an attack on their right to rule themselves

19. Boston Massacre-March 1770 General Thomas Gage sent British troops to Boston in 1768 to quell colonial rebellion. Colonists harassed British troops, moonlighting troops fought with mainly Irish dockworkers over jobs, pub brawls March 5 curfew broken when Sons of Liberty rang fire bells. People out in streets saying, “Fire, fire…” General Thomas Gage sent British troops to Boston in 1768 to quell colonial rebellion. Colonists harassed British troops, moonlighting troops fought with mainly Irish dockworkers over jobs, pub brawls March 5 curfew broken when Sons of Liberty rang fire bells. People out in streets saying, “Fire, fire…”

20. Boston Massacre One crowd surrounded sentry Hugh White who was guarding the Customs House (tax collection building) Began throwing iceballs at White, harrassing him, White hit a colonist on the head w/his rifle Officer Preston brought reinforcements, crowd throwing objects, yelling fire One soldier fell and his gun went off, other troops began firing, killed 5 colonists including Crispus Attucks (1st casualty of American Revolution) One crowd surrounded sentry Hugh White who was guarding the Customs House (tax collection building) Began throwing iceballs at White, harrassing him, White hit a colonist on the head w/his rifle Officer Preston brought reinforcements, crowd throwing objects, yelling fire One soldier fell and his gun went off, other troops began firing, killed 5 colonists including Crispus Attucks (1st casualty of American Revolution)

21. Henry Pelham’s engraving of the Boston Massacre

22. Paul Revere’s Engraving of the Boston Massacre

23. Committees of Correspondence 1772 Led by Samuel Adams, 21 members Formed to keep colonists and the world informed about violations of the colonist’s rights by the British British saw it as ungrateful rebellion It was propaganda (trying to convince people that the colonists were justified) Colonists would see it as a peaceful exercise of free speech Led by Samuel Adams, 21 members Formed to keep colonists and the world informed about violations of the colonist’s rights by the British British saw it as ungrateful rebellion It was propaganda (trying to convince people that the colonists were justified) Colonists would see it as a peaceful exercise of free speech

24. Boston Tea Party Dec. 1773 Protested Tea Act of 1773, which excused British East India Company from paying taxes on tea (lowered the price of tea) Colonists felt it gave the BEIC a monopoly Colonists dressed as Indians poured tea into Boston harbor British saw it as an attack on property Colonists saw it as a legitimate form of protest Protested Tea Act of 1773, which excused British East India Company from paying taxes on tea (lowered the price of tea) Colonists felt it gave the BEIC a monopoly Colonists dressed as Indians poured tea into Boston harbor British saw it as an attack on property Colonists saw it as a legitimate form of protest

25. Source: http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=96175&rendTypeId=4

26. 1774 Intolerable (Coercive) Acts Punished Boston and MA. for the tea party & strengthened British control over colonies 1. Closed the Port of Boston until tea was paid for. 2. Revoked the MA. Charter and forbade town meetings without Governor’s consent. 3. British officials charged with crimes in Boston would be tried elsewhere 4. Renewed the Quartering Act Colonists saw it as an attack on their freedoms to self govern (2) and trade freely (1), an effort to create unfair trials(3), & an invasion of privacy (4). British saw it as a way of maintaining order and punishing the colonists for destruction of property. Punished Boston and MA. for the tea party & strengthened British control over colonies 1. Closed the Port of Boston until tea was paid for. 2. Revoked the MA. Charter and forbade town meetings without Governor’s consent. 3. British officials charged with crimes in Boston would be tried elsewhere 4. Renewed the Quartering Act Colonists saw it as an attack on their freedoms to self govern (2) and trade freely (1), an effort to create unfair trials(3), & an invasion of privacy (4). British saw it as a way of maintaining order and punishing the colonists for destruction of property.

27. Image Source: http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=64944&rendTypeId=4 Quebec Act 1774 Extended Quebec’s boundary south to OH River (land claimed by CT, MA, VA) Gave religious freedom to Catholics in former New France Extended Quebec’s boundary south to OH River (land claimed by CT, MA, VA) Gave religious freedom to Catholics in former New France

28. First Continental Congress 1774 All colonies except Georgia attended To discuss their grievances and consider their options Some for independence, some wanted to remain British colonies Created a Declaration of Resolves that expressed loyalty to Britain but also declared their rights as British subjects Called for a ban on trade with Britain King George III saw it as “a State of Rebellion, blows must decide whether they are to be… independent.” All colonies except Georgia attended To discuss their grievances and consider their options Some for independence, some wanted to remain British colonies Created a Declaration of Resolves that expressed loyalty to Britain but also declared their rights as British subjects Called for a ban on trade with Britain King George III saw it as “a State of Rebellion, blows must decide whether they are to be… independent.”

29. Battle of Lexington and Concord April 1775, 1st battle of the Revolution British troops left Boston Paul Revere’s ride… 70 minutemen met the British soldiers at Lexington village green “Shot heard round the world” fired (who?) Firing from British- 8 colonists dead, 10 wounded Brits marched to Concord, destroyed supplies On way back to Boston attacked from behind stone walls Pats: <100 casualties, Brits: 273 killed/wounded April 1775, 1st battle of the Revolution British troops left Boston Paul Revere’s ride… 70 minutemen met the British soldiers at Lexington village green “Shot heard round the world” fired (who?) Firing from British- 8 colonists dead, 10 wounded Brits marched to Concord, destroyed supplies On way back to Boston attacked from behind stone walls Pats: <100 casualties, Brits: 273 killed/wounded

30. Second Continental Congress 1775 Met in Philadelphia Radicals pushed to declare independence Others urged restraint Had to establish army- led by George Washington Met in Philadelphia Radicals pushed to declare independence Others urged restraint Had to establish army- led by George Washington

31. Dunmore’s Proclamation 1775 Virginia Governor offered freedom to slaves who fought for Britain Dunmore said almost “300 men of the Ethiopian Regiment (wore) uniforms embroidered with the… words ‘liberty to slaves.’” Patriots were angry & afraid of this “freeing & arming of the South’s black labor force.” Source: http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/lord-dunmore-s-ethiopian-regiment

32. Prohibitory Act 1775 Prohibited trade in the colonies British blockaded the colonies, in an attempt to hurt their economy Would seize any ship that attempted to trade with the colonies Prohibited trade in the colonies British blockaded the colonies, in an attempt to hurt their economy Would seize any ship that attempted to trade with the colonies

33. Common Sense January 1776 By Thomas Paine, one of the radical patriots Argued for independence

34. Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 By Thomas Jefferson Declared independence from Britain Still needed to win the war July 4, 1776 By Thomas Jefferson Declared independence from Britain Still needed to win the war

35. The Peoples of Eastern North America in 1776 Source: Gary Nash. (lecture on book) The Urban Crucible. Newberry Library, Chicago. September or October 2005.