1. Era of Good Feelings Creating a Nation

2. Henry Clay’s: American System Creation of a plan to unify the nation: Developing transportation systems and other internal improvements Establishing a protective tariff Resurrecting the national bank

4. Transportation and Internal Improvements National Road: Began in 1811 by 1838 connected Cumberland Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois Erie Canal: took eight years, by 1825 it connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River providing a water way from Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean Tolls were paid to use the route, in twelve years it was paid for Cut shipping costs, reducing selling prices

5. Transportation

6. Tariffs and the National Bank Tariff of 1816: In order to pay for these new improvements such as roads, canals, and lighthouses taxes were placed on imports. In 1816 with much approval, the 2 nd Bank of the United States was created.

7. The Rise of New York City With these new national improvements New York rose above all other cities to become the center of economic, social, and political growth. (example: Erie Canal) Leader in banking, finance, foreign trade, manufacturing, fashion, publishing, broadcasting, culture, and tourism Busiest port in the country

9. Nationalism Nationalism: a social movement focusing on the nation. National interests should be placed ahead of regional or the interests of other countries. McCulloch v. Maryland: Maryland placed high taxes on a branch of the Bank of U.S. Marshall denied the right of Maryland to tax the bank. Declaring the Bank of U.S. constitutional. Strengthens nationalism.

10. The United States Expands West Westward Migration From 1800–1810, Ohio population grows from 45,000 to 231,000 Most settlers use Cumberland Gap to reach Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee In 1775, Daniel Boone leads clearing of Wilderness Road

11. The United States Expands West The Louisiana Purchase Louisiana returned to France; Jefferson fears strong French presence Jefferson buys Louisiana Territory from Napoleon - doubts he has constitutional authority Louisiana Purchase doubles size of U.S.

12. The U.S. Expands West Lewis and Clark Jefferson appoints Lewis and Clark to lead Corps of Discovery: - explore new territory, find route to Pacific - gather information about people, plants animals Native American woman, Sacajawea, serves as interpreter, guide

13. Land Ordinance of 1785 Establishment of a system for surveying and subdividing public land outside the states Blocks of land 36 square miles each, townships Set aside land for public educ. and schools, with each section containing 640 acres.

14. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Specified how territories could become states Leads to Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin Congress appointed governor, secretary, and 3 judges When adult male pop. Reached 5,000 send nonvoting rep. to congress Pop. Reached 60,000 eligible for statehood Forbade slavery, guaranteed trial by jury, and freedom of religion Encouraged support for education

15. War of 1812 Second War for Independence

16. Adams-Onis Treaty Spain ceded Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory Strengthens Nationalism

17. Monroe Doctrine U.S. wouldn’t interfere with European colonies already established but would not tolerate further colonization Europe: Leave the Western Hemisphere alone. If you don’t it will be seen as a threat to Am. Safety and could be reason for war How does this strengthen nationalism?

19. Industrial Revolution Transformation during the 1700’s and early 1800’s from making goods in small shops or homes by hand to making them in factories with machines. Changed the world from a rural, agricultural society to an urban and industrial one.

21. Early Inventions: Eli Whitney Cotton Gin: Separated seeds from cotton Before it took a person a full day to remove seeds from 1 lb. of cotton Made cotton profitable, increasing demand for slaves Enabled a person to process 50 lbs. /day

22. Early Inventions: Eli Whitney Interchangeable parts: Whitney received a contract for 10,000 muskets in 1798 and used interchangeable parts to manufacture firearms in his factory One of the first uses of mass production methods Influence Henry Ford, Samuel Colt and others

23. Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny: Belief that the United States Destiny was to extend to the Pacific Ocean

24. Native Americans and Manifest Destiny Treaty of Ft. Laramie: provided various Native American nations control of the Central Plains. In turn Native Americans promised not to attack settlers and to allow construction of government forts and roads. Government would make payments to them. Movement of settlers increase, decreasing the number of buffalo and elk. U.S. violated terms of treaty

25. Trails West Santa Fe Trail: Lower trail from Missouri to Mexico Oregon Trail: Upper trail Missouri to Oregon

26. Prison Reform Dorothea Dix: known as prison reformer Dix discovered that jails often house mentally ill people. Began to emphasize rehabilitation and treatment

27. School Reform Before mid 1800’s no uniform education policy existed Mass. And Vermont were the only states before Civil War that passed compulsory school laws. All children were in one classroom By 1830’s demand for tax supported public schools By 1833 42 percent of elem. School aged children were attending public school

29. Slavery Reform Abolitionism: call to outlaw slavery Frederick Douglas: Born into slavery: knowledge is the pathway from slavery to freedom, pushed for abolitionism What was slavery like?

30. Women and Reform Sarah and Angelina Grimke: daughters of a SC slaveholder Women abolitionist: Mary C. Vaughn: temperance movement The effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol

31. Women and Reform Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Women’s Rights Movement Seneca Falls Convention Creation of Declaration of Women’s Rights − Suffrage/right to vote

32. The Age of Jackson The Election of 1824 Jackson wins the popular vote but lacked the electoral college votes John Quincy Adams names Henry Clay as Secretary of State: “corrupt bargaining”

33. Age of Jackson Jackson wins the Election of 1828 Spoils system gives government jobs to supporters

34. Jacksonian Democracy Believed in Western Expansion Universal Suffrage- all white men should be able to vote not just property owners “Common Man” Laissez-Faire- Hands Off Strict interpretation of the Constitution

35. Age of Jackson The Indian Removal Act forces Native Americans off their lands Supreme Court rules Georgia cannot give orders to Cherokee Worcester v. Georgia

36. States’ Rights: South Faces Economic Problems Rise in tariff (tariff of 1828) Tariff of Abominations: lowers sale of British goods and Southern cotton South forced to buy expensive Northern goods

37. The Nullification Crisis Calhoun’s idea of nullification: states say if law is constitutional South Carolina declares Tariff of 1828 null; threatens secession (leave the union) Compromise bill lowers tariff

38. Jackson’s Bank War Federal funds removed from Bank of the U.S.; put in PET state banks Jackson’s policies angered many including some in his own political party (Republicans). They formed the Whig party Whig’s promoted the ideas of Henry Clay’s American System.

39. Election of 1836 Democrat Martin Van Buren wins election with Jackson’s support

40. The Panic of 1837 Many pet banks print money in excess of gold and silver deposits Banks close, credit system collapses, 1/3 of population jobless

41. Trail of Tears U.S. soldiers force Cherokee to march west along Trail of Tears on the 800 mile trip many Cherokee died en route. Burying more that ¼ of their people.