1. RNA

2. DNA is the genetic material…. It carries the genetic code DNA needs RNA to carry this code out to the cytoplasm

3. How is DNA different from RNA?

4. What else is different between DNA and RNA?

5. To sum it up:

6. RNA is made by the process of transcription:

7. There are many different kinds of RNA: mRNA (messenger RNA): carry information from DNA to the ribosomes to make proteins rRNA (ribosomal RNA): part of ribosomes tRNA (transfer RNA): brings amino acids to the ribosomes

8. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter on DNA:

9. Then, RNA polymerase matches complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides:

10. Eventually, the RNA polymerase reaches the termination sequence:

11. After it is made, the RNA needs to be edited”

12. The new RNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm

13. RNA has the information to make proteins We say mRNA codes for proteins Where was this information before any mRNA was made? _____________________ HOW does RNA code for proteins? The triplet code:

14. How does the mRNA tell us which amino acid comes next? Each 3 bases in mRNA codes for one amino acid:

16. One codon is specific for ‘start’:

17. Several codes are specific for ‘stop’:

19. Let’s look up the amino acids coded for by the following mRNA sequences: 1.AUG CCA GAC CCG AAU ________________________________________ 2. AUG GAT UUU AUA CGC ________________________________________ 3.AUG CAC CUC GUC AGG ________________________________________

20. TRANSLATION is the process by which cells take the triplet code and translate it into a string of amino acids called a polypeptide this requires mRNA, tRNA, and a ribosome There are THREE steps: 1.Initiation (starting) 2.Elongation (growing the polypeptide) 3.Termination (ending)

21. What is tRNA? (transfer RNA)

22. INITIATION: An mRNA finds and binds to a ribosome

23. Elongation:

24. Termination: