1. DIVERSE CULTURES – Ethnic and Religions Groups FSMS Standard SSG712a.b Standard SSG712a.b Day 12-16 Day 12-16

2. SS7G12 – The students will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia. a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and religious groups. b. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Shintoism and the philosophy of Confucianism.

3. Agenda Message: Standard: Standard: Compare and contrast different Religious groups in S&EA. Essential Question Monday 1/4/16: Essential Question Monday 1/4/16: What are the characteristics of a religious group? Warm Up Warm Up: List ten geographic features we’ve studied in Southern and Eastern Asia. Today We Will: 1. Introduction to the Religions of S&EA 2. Pop-quiz countries of Southern & Eastern Asia

4. E.Q. Answer for Monday 1/4/16: A religious group ; A religious group shares; 1. A belief system in a god or gods, 2. With a specific set of rituals, and 3. Spiritual literature Warm-Up Answer: (Any ten of the following is an acceptable answer) Indus River Ganges RiverYangtze River Mekong River Huang He RiverGobi Desert Tibetan PlateauTaklimakan DesertArabian Sea South China SeaYellow SeaKorean Peninsula Bay of Bengal Himalayan MountainsSea of Japan

5. A religious group ; A religious group shares; 1. A belief system in a god or gods, 2. With a specific set of rituals, and 3. Spiritual literature People from different ethnic groups may share the same religion, though they may be from very different cultures.

7. Agenda Message Agenda Message: Seventy-school days to Social Studies GMAS. First semester grades go home Monday. Standard: Standard: Compare & contrast the prominent religions of S&EA. (Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, & Confucianism) Essential Question: Tuesday 1/5/16: Essential Question: Tuesday 1/5/16: What is the relationship between reincarnation and the caste system in Hinduism? Warm Up: Warm Up: Describe the origins of the Hindu religion. Today We Will: 1. Religions of S&EA, finish Hinduism 2. Start Buddhism

8. E.Q. Answer for Tuesday 1/5/16: Hindus also believe in reincarnation, the idea that the soul does not die with the body, but enters the body of another being, either a person or animal. Another important part of Hinduism is the caste system, a belief that social class is hereditary (inherited), and does not change throughout a persons life. The only way to move to a higher caste was to be born into one in the next life.Warm-Up: Hinduism traces its origins to the Aryans a group that had invaded India, around 1500 B.C.

9. HINDUISM Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world. Hinduism is also recognized as the 3 rd largest religion in the world. This religion developed in India, taking much from the religions practice by Aryans, a group who had invaded the country from the north around 1500 B.C. The worship of Aryan priests followed complicated rituals and hymns known as the Vedas, of The Books of Knowledge.

10. These prayers and rituals, along with many other Aryan beliefs led to the development of the religion known as Hinduism. It has been said that Hinduism is a religion of 330 million gods. There can be as many Hindu Gods as there are Hindu followers to suit the moods, feelings, emotions and social background of everyone.

11. There is a wide variety of gods to choose from to worship with statues and symbols to pay respect to. If one wants to pray for acquiring knowledge and understanding, he would pray to the god Sarasati, for example. One might pray to the god, Moksha, to obtain God’s grace. Many Hindus worship their own village god or goddesses.

12. Agenda Message: Agenda Message: Sixty-nine school days to Social Studies GMAS. SWA CDA I Friday, Jan. 8 th. Standard: Standard: Compare & contrast the prominent religions of S&EA. (Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, & Confucianism) Essential Question: Wednesday, 1/6/16: Essential Question: Wednesday, 1/6/16: What is the ultimate goal of Buddhists? Warm Up: Warm Up: What is the definition for reincarnation? Today We Will: 1. Finish Hinduism and start Buddhism) 2. AIMS/Web Testing

13. Essential Question Answer for Wednesday, 1/6/1: The ultimate goal for Buddhists is to reach “Nirvana”, a state of perfect peace. Warm-Up Answer: The idea that the soul does not die with the body, but enters the body of another being, either a person or animal.

14. However to say that Hinduism is a polytheistic religion would be incorrect. Many Hindus view the religion as monotheistic with only “one supreme being”, Brahma. All other gods or goddesses are simply facets (parts of) this one God. In the Hindu faith, there is a trinity as in the Christian faith, where God is in three persons.

15. Brahma: Brahma: is the creator of all reality, Vishnu or Krishna: Vishnu or Krishna: is the preserver of all creations. Shiva: Shiva: is the destroyer.

16. Hindus also believe that all living beings have souls, animals as well as people. Some animals, like the cow, are considered especially sacred.

17. Many Hindus are vegetarians, meaning that they eat no meat. reincarnation, Hindus also believe in reincarnation, the idea that the soul does not die with the body, but enters the body of another being, either a person or animal. The type of life a person leads determines what his next life will be like. A good person will have a better life in his next reincarnation. An evil person will suffer in his next life.

18. A soul is reincarnated over and over again, until the life it lives is good enough to bring it to be united with Brahman. Karma, The belief that one’s actions determine one’s fate is called Karma, another important Hindu belief. caste system, Another important part of Hinduism is the caste system, a belief that social class is hereditary (inherited), and does not change throughout a persons life.

19. The only way to move to a higher caste was to be born into one in the next life. There are five main castes; ~ ~ priests and wise men, or Brahmas, are the highest ~ warriors and rulers are next ~ merchants, traders and small farmers are third ~ the Sudras, or peasants and field workers, are last ~ a fifth caste considered even lower, the untouchables, or pariahs, who do work no one else would do

20. BUDDHISM Buddhism is a religion that also began in India. Siddhartha Gautama, a rich young man, founded the religion about 500 B.C. He had a life of luxury, but was troubled by the poverty and suffering he saw in the world around him.

21. He left his family and became a wandering monk for a number of years, hoping to learn why people had to suffer. Finally, he quit wandering and simply sat and thought, meditated, about the unhappiness of man.

22. He felt he understood what needed to be done. He believed that people could find peace if they could reject greed and desire. He accepted the Hindu belief in reincarnation and karma, but he did not accept the caste system or the need for priests. “Buddha” “The Enlightened One,“ He was called “Buddha” or “The Enlightened One,“ by his followers.

23. Buddha taught that there were Four Noble Truths in life. 1. One was that life always brought pain. 2. The second was that suffering and sorrow were usually caused by greed and the desire for material things. 3. Third was that by giving up these greedy desires, a person could end his suffering and reach Nirvana, a state of perfect peace. Nirvana is the ultimate goal of Buddhists. 4. The fourth was that to achieve Nirvana, a person needed to follow The Middle Way.

24. The Middle Way was accomplished by following what Buddha called the Eightfold Path (eight rules for conduct): 1. Try to recognize the truth 2. Try to avoid evil actions and bad people 3. Do not say things that hurt others 4. Respect other people and their belongings 5. Choose a job that does no harm to others 6. Do not think evil thoughts 7. Avoid excitement or anger 8. Work at meditation, thinking carefully about what matters in life

25. Buddha believed that unselfishness was the key to everything. He did not recognize gods or see a need for priests. He felt man alone could change evil into good. If one followed the Middle Way, ones soul would eventually reach a state of perfect peace, or Nirvana.

26. Their holy book, the Tripitaka, tells all of Buddha’s teachings. Buddhists do not worship a god but rather Buddha by thanking him for his teachings and reading the Tripitaka to become more enlightened.

27. Buddhism Summary Buddhism Buddhism is the teachings of one man. Nirvana is the ultimate goal of the Buddhists. It is a state of enlightenment where one can have happiness and peace. It is often found through meditation. About 6% of the world’s population today is Buddhist, making it the fourth largest religion in the world. Its largest numbers of followers are found in Southern and Eastern Asia.

28. Compare ~ Contrast Hinduism & Buddhism

29. ISLAM (review) Islam is the second largest religion in the world. Only Christianity has more followers.

30. Agenda Message: Agenda Message: Sixty-eight school days to Social Studies GMAS. CDA-1 on SWA is tomorrow. First semester Report Cards go home Monday. Standard: Standard: Compare & contrast the prominent religions of S&EA. (Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, & Confucianism) Essential Question, Thursday, 1/7/16: Essential Question, Thursday, 1/7/16: How do many Shinto followers worship their ancestors? Warm Up: Warm Up: Who started Buddhism and in what year? Today We Will: 1. Complete the Religions of S&EA (finish Buddhism, Shintoism, & start Confucianism) 2. Chapter 27 “Culture & Religion in Southeast Asia”

31. Essential Question Answer for Thursday, 1/7/16: Many Shinto build shrines and worship their ancestors who they believe became kami when they died. Warm-Up Answer: Siddhartha Gautama, a rich young man, founded the religion about 500 B.C.

32. SHINTO The earliest religion of Japan was Shintoism, which literally means the “way of the gods.” Shintoism is based on the traditional Japanese teaching that everything in nature contains kami, or the spirit of a god.. Unlike most of the religions of Southern and Eastern Asia, Shintoism has no rules for moral living and no concepts of a single ruling God.

33. The basic ideas of Shinto include:  Shintoists are expected to be reverent to nature, life, birth, and fertility.  Shinto teaches that physical purity is more important than moral purity  Many Shinto build shrines and worship their ancestors who they believe became kami when they died

34. Since Shinto offers no ideas of a moral code or one God, many people who practice Shinto also practice another religion such as Buddhism.

35. Shintoism was once the official religion of Japan. It is no longer the official religion, but Shintoism is still widely honored among Japanese. There are followers of Shintoism around the world, but they are relatively few in number when compared with other major religions.

36. Agenda Message: Agenda Message: Chapter 27 due Today. CDA-1 Review on SWA is Today. Sixty-seven school days to the Social Studies GMAS. Report cards go home Monday. Standard: Standard: Compare & contrast the prominent religions of S&EA. (Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, & Confucianism) Essential Question, Friday, 1/8/16: Essential Question, Friday, 1/8/16: Who was Confucius? What did he believe? Warm Up: Warm Up: What beliefs did Buddha accept from the Hindu religion? Today We Will: 1. CDA-1 2. The teacher, philosopher and scholar Confucius

37. Essential Question Answer for Friday, 1/8/16 : Confucius was one of the most important scholars in Chinese history. He believed that the key to peace and social order was for people to behave with good character and virtue. Warm-Up Answer: He accepted the Hindu belief in reincarnation and karma, but he did not accept the caste system or the need for priests. He also did not recognize gods. He felt man alone could change evil into good.

38. CONFUCIANISM Confucius was one of the most important scholars in Chinese history. He was born around 550 B.C. at a time when the government was having trouble keeping order and warlords controlled much of the countryside. He believed that the key to peace and social order was for people to behave with good character and virtue.

39. Virtue is behaving fairly and with justice towards others. His Golden Rule of Behavior was “What you do not like when done unto yourself, do not unto others.” He believed a good ruler was one who treated his people fairly and was kind to them. Confucius was not a religious prophet or even a religious leader.

40. He saw himself as a teacher, and Confucianism is thought of as a philosophy or ethical system based on good deeds and morality rather than a religion. Confucius believed there were five basic relationships among men: a. Ruler and subject b. Father and son c. Husband and wife d. Older brother and younger brother e. Friend and friend

41. He believed that if each relationship was based on kindness, there would be peace and harmony in the country. In 121 B. C. the Emperor Wu declared that Confucianism would be the official guiding practice for the Chinese government during his reign. He hired Confucian scholars to make up his government staff and Confucian philosophy continued to have a great influence on Chinese government for 2000 years.

42. Even since the Communist revolution in China in 1949, many in China still support the teaching of Confucius and his emphasis on treating people fairly. Many other people in Southern and Eastern Asia also admire the teaching of Confucianism. Many historians see Confucianism as one of the foundations of Chinese society.