1. Cardiovascular System BIO 201: Organismal S&F Tony Serino, Ph.D. Biology Department Misericordia University

2. Open vs. Closed Circulation

3. General Circulatory System 1.Cardiovascular –Consists of a closed system of vessels which transport blood –Two circuits: Systemic and Pulmonary –Arteries move blood away from the heart –Veins move blood toward the heart

4. General Circulatory System 2.Lymphvascular – moves lymph –Consist of blind end tubes which collect interstitial fluid (now called lymph) and returns it to circulation –The lymph is cleaned before returned to the blood vessels

5. Heart as a Dual Pump Cardiac muscle arranged as whorls that squeeze the blood Twin pumps: systemic and pulmonary Four chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles

6. Cardiac Muscle Cells

7. Heart: Location

8. Heart: Internal Anatomy

9. Diastole: V entricular Relaxation with Ventricular Filling Cardiac cycle

10. Systole: Ventricular Contraction and blood ejection

11. Conduction System of Heart

12. (ml/min)

13. Heart Rate Control Sinus Rhythm = normal SA node control Autonomic Activity –Sympathetic = accelerator (tachycardia) –Parasympathetic = brake (bradycardia) Hormones –epinephrine Drugs -caffeine, nicotine, atropine, etc.

14. Blood Liquid connective tissue Arises from hemopoietic tissue: 1. myeloid tissues (Red bone marrow) 2.lymphoid tissues (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, etc. In fetus, liver and yolk sac are hemopoietic

15. Properties of the Blood Volume 4-6L (5-6L men, 4-5L women) based on body size (8% of total body weight) pH 7.4 + 0.1 5X the viscosity of water Hematocrit = 45

16. Blood Composition

17. Plasma Composition 90% water 10% suspended or dissolved constituents Plasma Constituents (10%) –0.9% NaCl + other electrolytes –Nutrients –Plasma proteins: albumin, globulins, fibrinogen –Dissolved gases: O 2, CO 2, N 2

18. Functions of the Blood Transportation media Osmoregulation Acid-Base balance Protection

19. Formed Elements

20. RBC (erythrocyte) Lives 120 days Non-nucleated biconcave disc 4.5-5.5 million/mm 3 1/3 of cytoplasm is hemoglobin

21. WBC Development

22. Distribution of WBC

23. Platelet Development

24. Platelets 150-400 thousand/mm 3 2-4 mcm in diameter Function in clotting and vessel repair

25. Blood Vessels Arteries –conduct blood away from heart –Elastic arteries, Muscular arteries, arterioles Veins –conduct blood toward heart –Venules, small and large veins Capillaries –thinnest blood vessel; used in exchange, is the functional unit of circulatory system (Microcirculation) –AV shunts, metarterioles, pre-capillary sphincters, and capillary bed

26. Blood Vessels Types

27. Capillary Anatomy Three types: tight, fenestrated and sinusoids

28. Capillary Types Tight Capillary Fenestrated Capillary Sinusoidal Capillary

29. Arteries and Veins Arteries are known as resistance vessels, especially the arterioles –Arteries withstand the greatest BP Veins are capacitance vessels, they are able to change the diameter to hold more or less blood

30. Artery vs. Vein

31. Skeletal Muscle Pump

32. Lymphatic System

33. Accumulation of Lymph

34. Lymphatic Vessels

35. Lymph Drainage