1. Middle Ages Setting the Stage for the Renaissance and Reformation Approx. 350-______________ Middle Ages is a negative term given by people during the Renaissance. It was called the Middle Ages because it fell in between “Ancient” times and the Renaissance, the two periods that they believed were more advanced and civilized. The Middle Ages are also called the _____________ Ages/Medieval Period. During the Middle Ages, the _____________________ was the most powerful institution in Europe. The late Middle Ages were filled with – ____________ (Ex: Crusades and 100 Years War) – ___________________ – ___________________, and – _____________________

2. War Crusades – In 1095, Pope Urban called on the warriors of Europe to liberate the Holy Land (Palestine/Jerusalem) from the _______________. – As a reward, Crusaders thought they would spend eternity in ______________. – At least _____ Crusades took place. – In the end, most of the Crusades were considered unsuccessful. In fact, most of the land that was gained by the European Christians was eventually _________ again. A Crusade Shield

3. War 100 Years’ War 100 Years’ War – Between England and __________ – By the end of the war (1453), England had been driven out of most of France. – _________ of ______ fought in this war. She fought on the side of the French. She was eventually caught by the English, turned over to the church (she claimed she heard voices from God = witch), and burned at the stake. Joan was 19 when she was tried by a church court, found guilty of _________________, and burned at the stake. *A heretic is someone who says/does things that go against the teachings of the ________________. She was later found innocent by the Catholic Church and was made a ________________.

4. Feudalism War led to a need for protection. Solution  Feudalism. Feudalism: – _____________ pledged to protect their king in exchange for land. – _____________ pledged to protect their noble (a.k.a. lord) in exchange for land. – _____________ worked the land. _____________ were peasants who could not legally leave the land where they were born. However, unlike slaves, serfs could not be bought or sold. But like slaves, what they produced belonged to the lord.

5. Feudalism Pyramid

6. Religious Conflict The Great Schism – Prior to 1378, there was ______ pope. Who was the first Pope? Peter – From 1378 – 1409, there were ___________ popes (one in Rome, Italy, one in Avignon, France). – From 1409-1417, there were ____________ popes. – In 1417, all 3 were forced to step down, and a __________ pope (Martin V) was chosen. Two religious scholars, John Wycliffe and Jan Huss, began to question the authority of the pope. They spread their ideas to other Europeans. – Hus was tried as a _______________ and burned at the stake. This will lead to some people wanting to make changes (reforms) to the Catholic Church = Reformation.

7. Bubonic Plague (a.k.a. Black Death) http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages Mid 1347-1351 Carried by fleas on __________. Since people did not bathe, almost everyone had fleas. They also threw their garbage and sewage into the streets  breeding ground for rats. The Bubonic Plague killed 1 in _______ Europeans during that 4 year period. The plague returned every few years, but it was never as bad as that first outbreak. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ