1. Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaeabacteria

2. Eubacteria and Archaeabacteria
Archaebacteria - live mainly in extreme habitats; most of the time no oxygen available
Eubacteria - true bacteria; found in more hospitable places

3. Archaeabacteria Also called extremophiles Found in harsh environments
Unicellular and Prokaryotic
Cell Walls without peptidoglycan
Can be autotrophic (chemosynthesis) or heterotrophic

4. Three main groups of Archaeabacteria
Methanogens
Halophiles
Thermoacidophiles

5. Methanogens
Found in swamps, marshes, sewage treatment plants, and digestive tracts of animals

6. Halophiles
Found in very salty water, such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake

7. Thermoacidophiles
Found in very extreme temperatures and pHs, such as hot springs and deep sea volcanic vents

8. Eubacteria Also called true bacteria Unicellular and Prokaryotic
Cell Walls WITH peptidoglycan
Can be autotrophic (chemosynthesis) or heterotrophic

9. Three main shapes of Eubacteria
Coccus (spherical)
Bacillus (rod- shaped)
Spirillum (corkscrew or comma-shaped)

10. Arrangement of Eubacteria
Pairs: Diplo- (diplobacillus, diplococcus)
Chains: Strepto- (streptobacillus, streptococcus)
Clusters: Staphylo- (staphylobacillus, staphylococcus)
These naming rules do not apply to spirilla shaped bacteria

11. Gram Staining Another way to categorize bacteria is by how they stain.
Gram positive bacteria stain a dark purple because of peptidoglycan outside the cell wall.
Gram negative bacteria stain pink because the layer of peptidoglycan is hidden by an outer membrane.

12. Bacterial Reproduction
Bacteria can perform asexual reproduction in the form of Binary Fission
Cell splits in 2, results in clones of the parent

13. Bacterial Reproduction
Bacteria can also perform sexual reproduction in the form of Conjugation.
A “tunnel” forms between two bacteria and genetic material is exchanged.

14. Benefits of Bacteria
Chemosynthetic bacteria fix nitrogen into different forms usable by animals
Symbiotic bacteria in the gut of animals help to digest foods
Some can help break down oils and detergents
Decomposers break down decaying plant and animal material

15. Health Effects of Bacteria
Can cause diseases such as
Tetanus
Botulism
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Lyme Disease
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Anthrax
Others

16. Antibiotics
Antibiotic – Interferes with cellular processes and kills bacteria
Penicillin – Interferes with the synthesis of the cell wall
Tetracycline – Interferes with protein synthesis
Bacteria can mutate and become antibiotic resistant