1. Bacterial Cells
Chapter 19.1

2. Bacterial Cells
All bacteria belong to the kingdom Monera, so the other name for bacteria is prokaryotic.
Fossils indicate that bacteria have been on the Earth for billion years.
Monerans are named based on their morphology (which means shape)

3. Shapes of Bacteria Spiral monerans are called spirilli.
Circular (spherical) monerans are called cocci.
Rod shaped monerans are called bacilli.

4. Bacterial Cells
Bacteria that need oxygen to survive are called aerobic monerans.
Bacteria that DO NOT need oxygen to survive are called anaerobic monerans.
Bacteria lack a nucleus and therefore are prokaryotic cells.
If a cell has a nucleus, it is a eukaryotic cell.

5. Naming Bacteria Prefixes: diplo- meaning 2 .
staphylo- meaning cluster.
strepto- meaning filament.

6. Naming Bacteria
Examples: Use the prefixes and shape names to answer the following
Coccus:
Single spherical cell
Diplococcus:
Two spherical cells
Steptococcus:
filament of spherical cells
Staphylococcus:
cluster of spherical cells

7. Naming Bacteria Staphylobacillus: cluster of rod shaped cells
Streptobacillus:
filament of rod shaped cells
Diplobacillus:
two rod shaped cells
Bacillus:
one rod shaped cells
Spirillus:
spiral shaped cell

8. Bacteria Parts capsule cell wall cell membrane protective layer
degraded by heat
made of polysaccharides
cell wall
cell membrane

9. Bacteria Parts D. flagellum a.k.a. tail used for movement E. ribosome
F. cytoplasm
glucose made here

10. Bacteria Parts (Draw a bacterium and label the parts) G. pilli:
small hairs used for attaching to a host.
H. DNA is circular and is called a Plasmid
(Draw a bacterium and label the parts)

11. Bacteria Parts
(cell)
(plasmid)
Capsule

12. Bacterial reproduction
Bacteria reproduce by
a. Splitting in two binary fission-make clones of themselves (asexual)

13. Bacterial reproduction
b. Swapping DNA= conjugation (sexual)

14. Types of Bacteria Archaebacteria live in extreme environments
Methanogens produce methane and live in oxygen-free environments. EX: Swamps & intestines
Halophiles live in concentrated salt water.
Thermoacidophiles love heat and low pH(acid).
EX: Hot springs

15. Types of Bacteria
Eubacteria (true bacteria) are the most common bacteria and can be broken into many classes.
a. Lactobacillus are gram-positive bacteria (violet)
-gram-positive bacteria can be killed by antibiotics (drugs that kill or prevent bacteria) such as penicillin
-Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin
-Examples of gram-positive bacteria include the bacteria that causes scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, tetanus, botulism, gas gangrene, and some kinds of pneumonia.

16. Types of Bacteria
b. Gram-negative bacteria (red) are difficult to kill due to their protective lipid layer.
EX: Rhizobacteria
-Resistance to antibiotics is spreading quickly as bacteria use conjugation to trade rings of DNA called plasmids.
c. Many pathogens such as those that cause Syphilis and Lyme Disease have Flagella to move.

17. Types of Bacteria
Cyanobacteria are the Blue-Green Bacteria that BLOOM in late summer.
-They perform photosynthesis and release oxygen.
Anthrax is the pathogen we worry will be unleashed by terrorists in the near future.
-It can last 60 years in an endospore then undergo binary fission every 20 minutes.