1. Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Prokaryotes
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

2. They are Everywhere Very cold, hot, salty, acidic environments
They exist in our digestive systems, and in our mouths
They also help to recycle carbon and other important nutrients in the soil

3. 2 branches of Monera Bacteria and Archaea
Archaea – extremophiles – they live in very extreme conditions
Thermophiles – live in very hot conditions
Halophiles – live in very salty conditions
Methanogens – archaea bacteria that live in anaerobic conditions and produce methane gas

4. Pili on bacteria

5. Shapes of Bacteria Bacilli – rod shaped bacteria
Coccus – round bacteria (strep/staph)
Spirochetes – spiral-shaped bacteria (ex. Syphilis)
Clostridium botulinum – causes botulism – produces endospores that can remain dormant for years

6. Shapes

7. Endospores - Anthrax

8. Bacterial Reproduction
Bacteria reproduce by binary fission
Binary fission - when the bacteria continuously copy their DNA and divide rapidly.
Conjugation – the exchange of genetic material between two bacterial cells

9. Conjugation

10. Bacterial Nutrition
Photoautotrophs – bacteria that photosynthesize – ex. Cyanobacteria
Chemoautotrophs – make food from CO2 and other chemicals
Chemoheterotrophs – obtain food from an organic source

11. Cyanobacteria

12. Bacterial Pneumonia

13. Lyme Disease

14. Lyme Disease

15. Bacteria that cause disease
Bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease are called pathogens.
Some bacteria produce exotoxins. Exotoxins are poisons that are very harmful.
Ex. Staphylococcus aureus produces a flesh eating exotoxin.
Endotoxins are found in the bacterial cell membrane
Ex. Salmonella has an endotoxin in its cell membrane that causes food poisoning

16. Bacteria and chemical recycling
Bacteria recycle nitrogen and carbon in the soil.
Bacteria decompose dead and decaying matter and return vital nutrients to the soil.

17. Bioremediation
Bioremediation – the use of bacteria decomposers to treat our sewage
Bacteria are also used to clean oil spills

18. Gram positive and negative
Gram staining is a way to determine the type of bacterial infection present.
The cell wall determines whether it is a gram positive or negative bacteria.

19. Gram Staining

20. Other facts about bacteria
Live with other things in symbiotic relationships
Ex. Cows do not digest cellulose, but feed on grass. They have bacteria in their guts to break down the cellulose. This is a mutualistic relationship
Mutualism - when both organisms benefit from the relationship.
Bacteria can also use flagella to move