1. Nutrition – The science or study of food and the ways in which the body uses food
Nutrients - Substances in food that provide energy or help form body tissues and are necessary for life and growth

2. Six Classes of Nutrients
Carbohydrates (Carbs)
Fats (Lipids)
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

3. Balanced Diet Balance energy in with energy out
Metabolism – the sum of the chemical processes that take place in your body to keep you alive
Calorie – the energy in food

4. Sucrose, Lactose, Glucose, Fructose
Carbs
Simple
1 or 2 sugar molecules
Sucrose, Lactose, Glucose, Fructose
Complex
Starch
Fiber

5. Starch Several sugar molecules linked together
Must be broken down into simple sugars
Most come from plant foods

6. Holds water in digestive tract Insoluble
Fiber
Soluble
Dissolves in water
Holds water in digestive tract
Insoluble
Does NOT dissolve in water
Adds bulk to waste

7. Fiber Little or no energy from fiber
Can help heart disease and colon cancer
Keeps intestines clean
Prevents constipation

8. Carbs Function: Main source of energy
45 – 65% of our diet (mostly complex)
4 Calories/gram

9. Proteins (made of 20 amino acids)
Essential (9)
Must be eaten in your diet
Nonessential(11)
Can be made by the body

10. Complete/ Incomplete Proteins
∙Protein comes from animals and plants ∙Complete proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids ∙Incomplete do not contain all 9 essential amino acids

11. Proteins Function – help build new cells and repair existing ones
10 – 35 % of our diet
4 calories / gram

12. Saturated Fats (lipids) Solid at room temp.
Can lead to obesity, increase cholesterol, heart disease
Most come from animal products
Unsaturated

13. Unsaturated (liquid at room temp)
Monounsaturated
Olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil
Polyunsaturated
Omega(3&6), Trans fat
***Mostly from plant products***
***Lower the risk of heart disease***

14. Fats (lipids)
∙Function – energy storage ∙Add texture, flavor, and aroma to food ∙25 – 35% of diet (limited saturated) ∙9 calories/gram

15. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Brings cholesterol to the body cells
“bad cholesterol”
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Carries cholesterol back to liver for removal
“good cholesterol”

16. Cholesterol Cholesterol is a type of lipid
Needed to make vitamin D, cell membranes, certain hormones and bile
Cholesterol is only found in animal products
When blood cholesterol levels rise, the risk of heart and blood vessel disease also increases

17. Vitamins
Class of nutrients that contain carbon and are needed in small amounts to maintain health and allow growth

18. Vitamins
Fat-soluble
A,D,E,K
Dissolve in fat
Water-soluble
All B, C
Dissolve in water

19. Minerals
A class of nutrients that are chemical elements that are needed for certain processes, such as enzyme activity and bone formation
What are some minerals?
Nutrient Deficiency

20. Water 60% of your body is water.
It is necessary for almost every function that keeps you alive.
Water intake must balance what your body loses.
Where do you get water?
Tap water vs. Bottled water