2. Timeline of the American Revolution

3. Restrictions on Colonial Trade England wanted to remain a world power so Parliament passed the Navigation Acts giving England strict control over colonial trade – Colonists could use only English built ships – Colonists were restricted to trading with only England – Colonial ships had to go through English ports – Duties, taxes, were placed on imported goods.

4. 1754-1763 French and Indian War France and England fought for control of the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys. Many Indian tribes sided with the French against the British

5. British Secret Talks – If the Indians STOPPED helping the French, then – Britain would FORCE settlers to stay EAST of the Appalachian Mts. The British made secret promise to the Indians

6. 1763 Britain Wins War!! Britain takes over all French forts English settlers move into Ohio Valley Promise with Indians is broken Indians attack settlers and forts

7. Proclamation of 1763 Issued by King George III Reserved lands in Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys for Indians Forbid English settlement WEST of the Appalachian Mts. Settlers would pay for British soldiers to protect the frontier line

8. Taxes To maintain troops in the colonies To pay for the French and Indian War Up to this time, colonial assemblies had made their own decisions about taxes, BUT this was… TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION in Parliament

9. 1765—Stamp Act Tax on newspapers, playing cards, legal documents Items ‘stamped’ to show tax had been paid Result: colonial merchants boycott British goods Parliament repealed the Stamp Act

10. 1767—Tea Tax A tax on tea imports John Dickinson, PA lawyer wrote: – ‘Those who are taxed without their consent… are slaves’ Sam Adams urged colonies to boycott British goods

11. 1770 Boston Massacre  Bostonians teased British troops by throwing snowballs & rocks  British guards fired  5 colonists died taunting British soldiers including Crispus Attucks, African-American

12. Why are the colonists so dissatisfied, unhappy, with Great Britain?? There were five main reasons for colonial dissatisfaction: – The colonies had no representation in Parliament – Some colonists resented, were hurt and angered, by the power of the colonial governors. – Great Britain’s strict control over the colonial legislatures, lawmaking bodies. – Colonists opposed the British taxes. – The Proclamation of 1763 restricted the movement of settlers into the fertile Ohio River Valley

13. 1772-Committees of Correspondence Letter writing Organized by Sam Adams, patriot Intercolonial network to spread newsspread news United the colonies in fighting for their liberties

14. 1773—Boston Tea Party In protest of the Tea Tax Sam Adams, leader of the Sons of Liberty Paul Revere Dump tea from British ships into Boston Harbor Parliament responded with the Intolerable Acts

15. 1774—Intolerable Acts Issued in response to Boston Tea Party Against Boston, Massachusetts – Closed port of Boston – Colony under British military rule – British officials tried in England for crimes committed in colony – Colonists required to provide housing in their homes for British soldiers (Quartering)

16. 1774-First Continental Congress Delegates from every colony except GA Met in Philadelphia Formed a united response to Intolerable Acts: – Boycott British trade – Massachusetts form militia – Colonists felt their liberties as Englishmen had been violated

17. 1775—Lexington and Concord First armed conflict of the Revolutionary Wararmed conflict Paul Revere warned minutemen ‘..the British are coming!!’ 4,000 angry minutemen fired on the British

18. 1775—Second Continental Congress May 1775 Delegates from ALL 13 colonies John Adams—outspoken patriot for independence Appointed George Washington commander of the Continental Army Begged King to stop the war & make peace w/the colonies

19. 1776-Writers’ Influence on Independence Movement Benjamin Franklin—added ideas for declaring independence Benjamin Franklin—added Phillis Wheatley—poems about independence

20. 1776--Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson-- primary author Stated the colonies reasons for breaking away from England: – People have unalienable rights –life, liberty, happiness – Gov’ts are est. to protect these rights – Gov’t derives, gets, its power to rule from the people – People have a right and duty to change a gov’t that violates their rights.

21. Major Battles Bunker Hill Trenton Princeton Saratoga Yorktown

22. 1777-Battle of Saratoga American victory and first major defeat of the British army Turning point of the Revolutionary War – When the momentum shifted and the outlook appeared positive for the Americans

23. Surrender at Yorktown British forces led by Lord Cornwallis surrendered surrendered This marked the END of the Revolutionary War.

24. 1783--Treaty of Paris FINALLY, England KNEW and understood that the American colonies no longer belonged to England, but were SEPARATE and INDEPENDENT STATES!!

25. How were the colonists able to defeat the greatest army and navy in the world?? The colonists had three main advantages: – They were defending their own homes, land, principles, and beliefs. – They had the strong leadership of George Washington. – With Benjamin Franklin’s help, they received additional support from France (French ships blocked the York River and Chesapeake Bay preventing Cornwallis from getting reinforcements. This led to his defeat at Yorktown)

26. Key Individuals of the Revolution PATRIOTS John Adams -championed (cheered on) the cause of independence George Washington -Commander of the Continental Army Thomas Jefferson -major author of the Declaration of Independence Patrick Henry -member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses; “Give me liberty or give me death!” Benjamin Franklin –member of Continental Congress; helped frame, construct, the Declaration of Independence; helped gain French support for American independence BRITISH King George III - British king during the Revolutionary era Lord Cornwallis –British general who surrendered at Yorktown

27. Other Important Individuals Paul Revere – Member of the Sons of Liberty – Made a daring ride to warn colonists of British march toward Lexington Phillis Wheatley – Enslaved African-American – Wrote poems and plays supporting American Independence – She eventually gained her freedom

28. Key Events of the American Revolution 1.Boston Massacre 2.Boston Tea Party: Sam Adams & Paul Revere 3.1 st Continental Congress 4.Battles of Lexington & Concord: first armed conflict of the Revolutionary War 5.Signing of the Declaration of Independence: colonies declared their independence from Great Britain; July 4, 1776-birthday of the U.S. 6.Battle of Saratoga: turning point of the war 7.Surrender at Yorktown: colonial victory marked end of the Revolutionary War 8.Signing of the Treaty of Paris: Great Britain recognized American independence in this treaty