1. EMILY ENOCHS HAZEL KIM MARIA SEGURA SEAN LEE GRANT YATES PERIOD 2 GROUP D PUNIC WARS, GAIUS GRACCHUS, ZEALOTS 1 ST TRIUMVIRATE, PETER THE APOSTLE, MARCUS AURELIUS, CONSTANTINE, EDICT OF MILAN, AND DENARIUS.

2. PUNIC WARS http://www.sheltonstate.edu/Uploads/files/faculty/Chuck%20Boening/western%20civ/Punic%20Wars.jpg

3. Who? Carthage Vs. Rome What? Control of Sicily and western Mediterranean Sea When? 264 BC – 241 BC Where? Sicily, Mediterranean sea, Sardinia, and Carthage Why? For control of Sicily and the Western Mediterranean Impact: Rome gained Sicily and Corsica Citation: “Punic Wars”. History.com. A&E. …..Television Networks. Web.10 …..Dec. 2014. ….. http://s3-eu-west1.amazonaws.com/lookandlearn-preview/B/B184/B184278.jpg 1 st PUNIC WAR

4. Who? Carthage (Hannibal)vs. Rome(Scipio) What? War for revenge of Carthage When? 218 – 201 BC Where? Spain, Alps, Italian Peninsula, Carthage Why? Cannibal wanted revenge on Carthage Impact: Rome controls Spain, Cartage loses fleet and has to pay a large fine Citation: “Punic Wars”. History.com. A&E. Television Networks. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. 2 nd Punic war http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Hannibal3.jpg

5. Who? Carthage Vs., Rome What? Influential wars of roman senate urge war because of the threat of Carthage When? 146-146 BC Where? Carthage Why? Carthage is still a threat and broke a treaty by declaring war with Numidia Impact: Romans lead siege against Carthinians, all are sold into slavery Citation: “Punic Wars”. History.com. A&E. Television Networks. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. 3 rd Punic war http://lujanromehistory.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/8/5/29852933/3356773_orig.jpg

6. GAIUS GRACCHUS Who? Originally a quaestor in Sardinia, his brother Tiberius was a tribune in Rome and died so he became a tribune for two terms in 123 BC and lost the election in his third term. What? Created reforms to help people and protested that senate corrupted the election, which led to a senate hired militia to kill and capture him. When? 159- 121 BC (During Imperial Rome period) Where? Rome Why? Exploiting legislative power to benefit citizens Example: Reforms benefitted all people, except the senate. Citations: "The Internet Classics Archive | Caius Gracchus by Plutarch." The Internet Classics Archive | Caius Gracchus by Plutarch. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/gracchus.html>. "Gaius Gracchus." Gaius Gracchus. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://www.roman-empire.net/republic/gai- gracchus.html>. http://img.whenintime.com/tli/d19fan/Humanities_6_Review_Timeline/7dfaee7 1-9b48-4f00-8919-04e7036c9ad4/augustus.jpg

7. ZEALOTS Who? Members of Christian religion that didn’t like the polytheistic religion What? They wanted to rid their homeland of Romans When? 66-70AD Where? Imperial Rome Why? They believed that their God was the only one Example: Fought for rights and attended religious community Citation: "Zealot (Judaism)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/656131/Zealot>. "Zealots (Judea)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Nov. 2014. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealots_(Judea)>. http://img1.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20121113035554/olympians/images/b/b5/Tiberian_denarius.jpg

8. 1 ST TRIUMVIRATE Who? Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Gnaeus Pompous Magnus What? Crassus and Pompey were wealthy consults before. Kept secret until Senate denied reforms. Pompey feared Caesar and Caesar crossed Rubicon with troops and started a civil war which Caesar won When? Formed in 459 BC (During Imperial Rome period) Where? Rome Why? To form a public alliance Impact: Julius Caesar was declared dictator for life http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/First_Triumvirate_of_Ca esar,_Crassius_and_Pompey.jpg Citation: "Learn About the Powerful First …..Triumvirate." About. Web. 12 Dec. …..2014. …..<http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/ro …..merepublic/ss/60-50-B-C-Caesar-Crassus- …..And-Pompey-And-The-First- …..Triumvirate.htm>. "First Triumvirate." First Triumvirate. Web. …..12 Dec. 2014. …..<http://www.unrv.com/fall-republic/first- …..triumvirate.php>. "First Triumvirate." Princeton University. …..Web. 12 Dec. 2014. …..<https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney …../tmve/wiki100k/docs/First_Triumvirate.html …..>.

9. PETER THE APOSTLE Who? One of the original 12 apostles, preacher, martyr. What? Peter wrote Peter 1 and Peter 2 and lead the apostles after Jesus' ascension, lead the sick and healed the dead under the power of the holy spirit. When? AD 30 – AD 67 Where? Rome, Bethsaida Why? Jesus called him to be his apostle when he was fishing. Example: Peter is treated as a model for Christians to follow, to act much as Peter is described as acting — for better and for worse. Jesus called Peter his “rock” upon which the future church would be built, leading to the Roman Church. Citations: "THE APOSTLE PETER (SIMON)." THE APOSTLE PETER (SIMON). Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://www.biblepath.com/peter.html>. "Saint Peter." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Oct. 2014. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Peter>. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Peter_the_apostle.jpg

10. MARCUS AURELIUS Who? A Roman Emperor, the last of the Five Good Emperors What? He defeated invaders, made philosophical writings titled Mediations When? 121AD-180AD Where? Rome Why? He was one of the Five Good Emperors Example: He was viewed as a philosophical writer and brought the empire to the height of economic prosperity Citation: "Marcus Aurelius - Biography." Marcus Aurelius. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://www.egs.edu/library/marcus- aurelius/biography/>. Crook, John. "Marcus Aurelius (emperor of Rome)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/364331/Marcus-Aurelius>. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Roman_-_Portrait_of_the_Emperor_Marcus_Aurelius_-_Walters_23215.jpg

11. CONSTANTINE Who? Roman Emperor What? When he was fighting, he prayed and saw the cross, put the cross on the shields of his men, ended persecution of Christians When? 285-337AD Where? Imperial Rome Why? He saw a sign from the Christian God Example: Emperor of Rome, ended persecution of Christians which led to making it Rome's official religion Citation: Textbook http://www.constantinethegreatcoins.com/splash/constantinebust3.jpg

12. DENARIUS Who? Small silver coin, melted during the 2 nd Punic War What? Most common coin, used in trade When? 211BC Where? Roman Republic Why? Allowed for common currency Example: It was the first currency in Rome Citation: "Denarius." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Nov. 2014. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denarius>. "Forum Ancient Coins." Forum Ancient Coins. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://www.forumancientcoins.com/numiswiki/view.asp?key=denarius>. http://werzit.com/intel/terrorism/groups/zealots/looting.jpg

13. EDICT OF MILAN Who? Created by Constantine What? Ended the persecution of Christians, declared Christianity as a religion approved by the emperor When? 313AD Where? Milan, Italy Why? It was the first step in creating an alliance with God after Constantine saw a Christian symbol before the battle he later won, giving thanks to God Example: Allowed Christianity and Christians to be treated fairly Citation: "Edict of Milan (Roman History)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/382119/Edict-of-Milan>. "The Edict of Milan - Lactantius." The Edict of Milan - Lactantius. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. <http://www.earlychurchtexts.com/public/edict_of_milan.htm>. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Constantine's_conversion.jpg