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Unit 5: An Industrial America Part I: Immigrants and Urbanization
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Important Inventions after the Civil War, the country continued to become industrialized, especially in the North in 1844, Samuel Morse transmitted the first telegraph message in America in 1876, Alexander Graham Bell spoke the first words into a telephone saying, Mr. Watson, come here I want to see you both of these inventions made it possible for businesses to communicate more easily and on a broader scale
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Important Inventions they also encouraged emigration as people were more willing to move west now that they were better able to talk to family back east in 1879 Thomas Edison made his first successful test of the electric light bulb transformed the lives of workers by allowing factories to extended their hours past sunset cities eventually get too big to grow horizontally
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Important Inventions invention of the elevator by Elisha Otis allowed them to start growing vertically with the development of taller buildings the invention of the typewriter increased the rate at which letters and documents could be written
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Growing Cities combination of lower farm prices and higher demand for factory workers caused many people to move from the country to the city cities also grew with increase in number of immigrants
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Immigrants between 1865 and 1920 close to 30 million people entered the country at first immigrants came from Northwestern and Central Europe and countries such as Germany, Great Britain, and Ireland in the 1890s the source of immigrants shifted to Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe and the countries of Italy, Greece, and Russia
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Ellis Island people came to the US because it was seen as the land of opportunity a potato famine in Ireland drove many Irish farmers to the US the industrialization of Europe reduced the need for farmers who heard of the abundance of land in the US and decided to try their luck in the New World most entered through Ellis Island in New York City
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Ellis Island in 1886 France gave the US the Statue of Liberty, which came to symbolize the US as a place of refuge and hope all new immigrants had to go through a physical examination if found to have a contagious disease such as tuberculosis, they would be quarantined or deported also had to answer questions concerning connection to someone already in America and employment
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Ethnic Communities many immigrants experienced culture shock because they were used to small farming communities and entered the US through its bustling cities settled in the cities but in smaller communities or ethnic ghettos previously established by other immigrants from their country
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Ethnic Communities these different ethnic neighborhoods developed cultural pluralism in America as many different cultures exist side by side America has often been called a melting pot, alluding to the idea that the US is a place where different cultures blend together to form an American culture
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Immigration Problems many Americans thought immigrants took jobs away from natural born citizens saw desire to cling to cultural heritage as a sign of disloyalty to the United States Catholic heritage of many immigrants clashed with Protestant background of American citizens
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Nativism those who opposed immigration were known as nativists fought for the rights of native-born Americans, though not Native Americans developed into a secret society known as the Know Nothing Party because whenever they were asked about the organization they responded with “I know nothing” often resulted in violence and discrimination against immigrants
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Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Asians were most different immigrant group and thus the most persecuted claimed that Asians were physically and mentally inferior to Americans Chinese Exclusion Act prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country – not repealed until 1943
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Living and Working Conditions lived in small, overcrowded apartments called tenements large families crowded into one-room apartments that were unsanitary and unsafe worked in sweatshops that were poorly lit, poorly ventilated and unsafe worked for long hours with little pay
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How the Other Half Lives plight of immigrants inspired reformers to help alleviate their problems 1870 Jacob Riis photographed immigrants for his book How the Other Half Lives exposed the terrible living and working conditions faced by immigrants
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Social Gospel people who believed their Christian faith required them to take an active role in social issues focused on the gospel ideas of charity and justice
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Hull House in 1889 Jane Addams settled in the middle of a poor neighborhood in downtown Chicago established a settlement house or community center for immigrants became known as the Hull House and eventually offered child care centers, offices to help people find jobs, and health care clinics by 1910 there were more than 400 settlement houses in the United States
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Suburbs development of the electric trolley, subway, and train made it easier for people to live outside the city while still working and pursuing leisure activities in it development of suburbs led to increased divisions between economic classes poor lived in the city while rich lived outside it
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Leisure Activities farmers had little time for leisure activities and played only when work was done in the factory, work was finished at a certain time so places of leisure began to develop in the city men found saloons to be great places to drink, socialize, and talk politics women enjoyed dance halls and cabarets where they watch musical shows and try the latest dances
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Leisure Activities families went to amusement parks and vaudeville shows where they got to ride the latest roller coaster and watch the newest variety act America’s first movie The Great Train Robbery opened in 1903 spectator sports such as boxing, horse racing, and especially baseball became popular cities also developed parks as places of leisure, the most notable being Central Park in New York City, designed by Frederick Olmstead
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