1. International Aid Towards HIV/AIDs in sub-Saharan Africa Ally H. Van Valen

2. Outline of Presentation What is HIV and AIDS? Current conditions in sub-Saharan Africa Treatment Prevention Specific international aid towards HIV/AIDS International Aid Programs What is the money being spent on? Successful strategies How Aid is allocated? Conclusion

3. What is HIV and AIDS? HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Attacks and destroys cells in the immune system making it severely difficult for the body to fight infections and certain cancers Spread through contact of body fluids (including sharing needles and pregnancy) AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Most advanced stage of the HIV infection

5. Current Conditions Key Populations Affected Young women (ages 15-24) Children Sex workers People who inject drugs Gay or Bisexual Men 2013 Data Most serious HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world 24.7 Million people living with HIV (71% of global total) 1.1 Million AIDS related deaths 39 % on antiretroviral treatment (ART) In many African countries, more than half the people estimated to be living with HIV are still not aware of their HIV status.

6. Treatment Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use of HIV medicines to treat HIV infection ART prevents HIV from multiplying and reduces level of HIV in body (protects immune system and prevents advancement to AIDS) CANNOT cure HIV but can help control it Without treatment, HIV can advance to AIDS (time varies but it can take 10+ years)

8. Prevention Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) – daily pill for people who don’t have HIV but have a high risk in getting it Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) – can prevent HIV after a possible exposure if started within 3 days Education ART reduces chances of spreading HIV to partners Protected sex Consistently tested for STDs Don’t share needles Pregnancy (lower risk from 20% to 2%) – Receive ART during pregnancy, labor and delivery – C-section – Avoid breastfeeding

9. Strategies HIV Testing and Counseling (HTC) Home-based testing (HBT): people are offered an HIV test in their home Addition of mobile HIV screening to existing testing programs Community-based programs Problem! Many who test positive do not continue to enroll on treatment Prevention Programs Condom use and distribution – Poverty; relationship w/ parents, peers & partners; limited HIV information and education; gender dynamics; and beliefs and attitudes about HIV Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) – Barriers: shortage of staffing/accessibility, range of social (partner support), economic (funding), and cultural (stigma) Harm Reduction: reducing supply & demand of drugs; strategies that aim to reduce the harms associated with injecting drug use

10. International AID US, UK, France, Germany, and the Netherlands account for 87% of HIV funding Bilateral and Multilateral donors Benefits and Pitfalls to International Aid

11. Aid Programs President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Department for International Development (DFID); UK and US The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) UNITAID The World Bank The private sector (including foundations, corporations, faith-based organizations, non-government organizations, and individuals) The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

12. What is the money being spent on? HIV Medication In 2000: $10,000 USD per person Today: less than $100 per person Funding priorities have shifted dramatically from vaccine to ART treatment

13. How is this Aid allocated? By country demand By a recipient country’s finances By geography and HIV prevalence By key affected populations

14. Conclusion Solution: – Aggressively scale up our investments and programs in the next five years. – The programs that have been successful, need to be repeated – Target HIV-related stigma and discrimination (culture) – Educate – Send educated personnel instead of just sending capital Long-term task Requires substantial effort from both domestic governments and international communities

15. Citations "On World AIDS Day 2015 We're Highlighting Discriminatory Laws That Increase the Risk of HIV." International HIV/AIDS Alliance. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015. Welfare Institutions and Foreign Aid:Domestic Foundations of Canadian Foregin Policy. Jean-Philippe Therien and Alain Noel. Canadian Journal of Political Science. Vol 27, No 3 (September 1994), pp. 529-558. http://www.jstor.org/stablehttp://www.jstor.org/stable Global Information and Advice on HIV & AIDS." AVERT. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2015. Hohlfelder, Erin. "Tracking Progress and Peril." One.org. N.p., n.d. Web.