1. MNU 7023 Session 1 Characteristics & Accommodations

2. Selected Disorders  Behavior and Emotional Disorders  Oppositional Defiant Disorder  Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder  Depression  Autism Spectrum Disorders  Mental Health  Schizophrenia,, Bi-Polar

3. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)  Autism Spectrum Disorders include;  Autism: related disorders such as  Asperger Syndrome  Rett Syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder  Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS).

4. Characteristics Autism Spectrum Disorders Language and Communication  Difficulty in expressing needs; uses gestures or pointing instead of words  Repeats words or phrases in place of typical, responsive language  Interprets language very literally  Difficulty in understanding nonverbal cues, including facial expression  Not responsive to verbal cues; acts as if deaf although hearing tests in normal range.

5. Characteristics Autism Spectrum Disorders Social  Lack of social interaction  Little or no eye contact  No sense or feeling of personal distance from others  Inappropriate peer interactions  Responses that do not match situations; being with over- or under-reaction

6. Characteristics Autism Spectrum Disorders Unique Behaviors  Insistence on sameness; resistance to change  Tantrums/meltdowns  Sustained odd play  Special interests or inappropriate attachment to objects (e.g., spins or lines up objects)  Stereotyped behaviors, including hand flapping, whole-body rocking, clapping, and so on

7. Characteristics Autism Spectrum Disorders Emotional  Lack of awareness of own and others feelings  Little or no display of affection  No real fear of danger

8. Characteristics Autism Spectrum Disorders Sensory and Motor Skills  Over- or under-sensitivity related to one or more sensory processing system, including touch, balance, body awareness, sight, hearing, taste, smell  Clumsy gross-/fine-motor skills  Odd posture or gait  Noticeable physical over-activity or extreme under-activity

9. Behavioral / Emotional Disorders (BD / ED)  Behavioral Disorder  Emotional Disturbance  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder  Oppositional Defiant Disorder  Depression

10. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Behavioral Disorders  Initiation of aggressive behavior and reacting aggressively towards others  A display of bullying, threatening, or intimidating behavior  Deliberate destruction of other’s property  Showing little empathy and concern for the feeling, wishes, and well being of others

11. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders BD (continued)  Showing callous behavior towards others and lack of feeling of guilt or remorse  They may readily inform on their companions and tend to blame others for their own misdeeds

12. General Accommodations for Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Behavior Disorders (BD)  A consistent approach when dealing with children with behavioral concerns most often leads to more productive and positive behaviors.  It is highly recommended that you plan strategies that you can implement regularly. Whether the child is acting out, involved in conflicts, bullying, or being verbally or physically aggressive; it is important to ensure that you have positive interactions and that you refrain from calling the child 'bad', it is the behavior being exhibited that you are unhappy with and the child needs to know it is not him/her it is the behavior. bullying,aggressive;bullying,aggressive;  Acceptable and appropriate behavior is developmental - it happens over time and is greatly influenced by parental support and guidance, peers, previous experiences and the intervention techniques employed by teachers, caregivers and parents.

13. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Emotional Disturbance (ED)  Characteristics of a Behavior or Emotional Disturbance are usually evident across several settings and environments and have little respect for social or cultural norms

14. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Emotional Disturbance (ED)  Disruptive to classroom activity.  Impulsive.  Inattentive, distractible.  Appears pre-occupied.  Disregards all classroom rules.  Poor concentration.  Extreme resistance to change and transitions.  Speaks out, repeatedly.

15. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders ED (Continued)  Is aggressive.  Bullies and intimidates others.  Regular truancy from school.  Dishonest, consistently blames others.  Low self esteem.  Unable to work in groups.  Engages in self injurious behavior.  Has no regard for personal space and belongings.  Persistently tries to manipulate situations.

16. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood and is seen in as many as one in 200 children and adolescents. OCD is characterized by recurrent intense obsessions and/or compulsions that cause severe discomfort and interfere with day-to-day functioning. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are unwanted and cause marked anxiety or distress. Frequently, they are unrealistic or irrational. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or rituals (like hand washing, hoarding, keeping things in order, checking something over and over) or mental acts (like counting, repeating words silently, avoiding). Most children with OCD can be treated effectively with a combination of psychotherapy (especially cognitive and behavioral techniques) and certain medications, Research shows that OCD is a brain disorder.

17. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), as a recurring pattern of negative, hostile, disobedient, and defiant behavior in a child or adolescent, lasting for at least six months without serious violation of the basic rights of others. In children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), there is an ongoing pattern of uncooperative, defiant, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that seriously interferes with the youngster’s day to day functioning.

18. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders ODD Characteristics / Symptoms of ODD may include:  Frequent temper tantrums  Excessive arguing with adults  Often questioning rules  Active defiance and refusal to comply with adult requests and rules  Deliberate attempts to annoy or upset people  Blaming others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior  Often being touchy or easily annoyed by others  Frequent anger and resentment  Mean and hateful talking when upset  Spiteful attitude and revenge seeking

19. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Depression According to the diagnostic and statistical manual IV, "Major depression" is classified as at least 5 out of the 9 symptoms, one of which must be: 1/ Feeling depressed/down or 2/ Feeling like nothing interests you anymore - even things that you used to like doing for most of the day, for most days of the week The other 7 symptoms are: Fatigue Poor attention Change in appetite/weight Sleep changes (sleeping more or sleeping less with or without early morning wakening) Everything slows down (the person moves slower, speaks slower, etc.) Feeling excessively guilty / at fault / worthless Suicidal thoughts/thoughts that life isn't worth living According to the diagnostic and statistical manual IV, "Major depression" is classified as at least 5 out of the 9 symptoms, one of which must be: 1/ Feeling depressed/down or 2/ Feeling like nothing interests you anymore - even things that you used to like doing for most of the day, for most days of the week The other 7 symptoms are: Fatigue Poor attention Change in appetite/weight Sleep changes (sleeping more or sleeping less with or without early morning wakening) Everything slows down (the person moves slower, speaks slower, etc.) Feeling excessively guilty / at fault / worthless Suicidal thoughts/thoughts that life isn't worth living

20. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Schizophrenia A. Characteristic symptoms: Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated): (1) delusions (2) hallucinations (3) disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence) (4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (5) negative symptoms, i.e., affective flattening, alogia, or avolition B. Social/occupational dysfunction C. Duration D. Substance/general medical condition exclusion E. Relationship to a Pervasive Developmental Disorder EXPERT DIAGNOSIS REQUIRED!!!

21. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Bi-Polar  Bipolar disorder is a serious brain illness. It is also called manic-depressive illness.  The illness can make it hard for a child to do well in school or get along with friends and family members.  Bipolar disorder symptoms can present in anyone, including children and teens. However, most people with bipolar disorder develop it in their late teen or early adult years.  Right now, there is no cure for bipolar disorder.

22. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Bi-Polar – Manic Episodes  Children and teens having a manic episode may:  Feel very happy or act silly in a way that’s unusual  Have a very short temper  Talk really fast about a lot of different things  Have trouble sleeping but not feel tired  Have trouble staying focused  Talk and think about sex more often  Do risky things.

23. Characteristics Behavioral / Emotional Disorders Bi-Polar – Depressed Episodes  Feel very sad  Complain about pain a lot, like stomachaches and headaches  Sleep too little or too much  Feel guilty and worthless  Eat too little or too much  Have little energy and no interest in fun activities  Think about death or suicide.

24. Accommodations  Develop consistent behavior expectations.  Involve the student in setting academic and personal goals.  Engage in role playing situations.  Communicate with parents so that strategies are consistent at home and school.  Set limits and boundaries.  Apply established consequences immediately, fairly and consistently.  Acknowledge and reinforce acceptable behavior.  Avoid confrontation and power struggles.  Provide a highly structured classroom environment.  Clearly post rules and expectations.  Establish a quiet cool off area.

25. Accommodations  Provide and teach opportunities for the student to use self control/self monitoring techniques to control behavior.  Teach self talk to relieve stress and anxiety.  Teach and provide time for relaxation techniques.  Establish cues as reminders for inappropriate behavior.  Redirect to avoid situations that may increase anxiety levels.  Remain calm and aware of your body language when addressing the student.  Provide a positive and encouraging classroom environment.  Use a study carrel.  Use visually stimulating material for assignments/learning presentations.  Use specialized technology and software.  Develop and use behavior contracts.  Give frequent feedback

26. Conclusion / Questions  Behavior and Emotional Disorders  Oppositional Defiant Disorder  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder  Depression  Autism Spectrum Disorders  Schizophrenia  Bi-Polar