1. American Civil War Largest Conflict in American History

2. Map Quiz Maine New York Massachusetts Pennsylvania Maryland West Virginia Ohio Michigan Illinois Wisconsin Iowa Minnesota Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Arkansas Tennessee Kentucky Missouri

3. North and South had developed conflicting economic identities Because of new religious values and the previously mentioned economic changes, North begins to see slavery as evil Lincolns election motivates Southern states to secede

4. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina is the first southern state to leave the Union. South Carolina followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas by February Remaining states refuse to secede unless provoked by the Federal government

5. Map of the US

6. Violence breaks out The State of South Carolina demanded all federal property be turned over to them, including Fort Sumter Lincoln attempted to resupply the fort, which South Carolinans saw as a declaration of war. They attacked the fort on April 12, 1861, and began the war

7. Confederate Government President: Jefferson Davis of Mississippi Vice President: Alexander Stephens of Georgia Advantages: Most successful generals sided with the south, troops are more familiar with firearms, fighting a defensive war Disadvantages: South is broke, has no navy, few railroads, and a very small population

8. After Lincoln calls for volunteers following Fort Sumter’s fall, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee secede United States quickly moves to claim the border states of Maryland, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware. Martial law is used to make sure the border states submit to US authority

9. Differing strategies North The Union planned to use its superior industry and navy to starve the South into submission Winfield Scott creates the Anaconda Plan Scott hoped that hardship and starvation would motivate the confederacy to surrender South The Confederacy planned to fight a defensive war, hoping the Union would tire of war and give up. Southerners also believed that European powers, such as Britain and France, would come to their aid due to their dependence on Southern cotton. This is called Cotton Diplomacy

10. Commanders Union Ulysess S. Grant William T. Sherman Irvin McDowell George Meade Ambrose Burnside David Farragut Main Army: Army of the Potomac Confederacy Joseph Johnston Robert E. Lee Thomas Jackson Braxton Bragg P.G.T. Beauregard Main Army: Army of Northern Virginia

12. Early Conflict Early in the conflict Union forces were focused primarily on capturing the Confederate capital of Richmond Both sides expected a quick and relatively bloodless war Irvin McDowell leads his army of roughly 35,000 against the Confederates at the First Battle of Bull Run McDowell is defeated by Joseph Johnston and Stonewall Jackson

13. Western Theatre Union soldiers, led by Ulysses S. Grant, attempt to take the Mississippi River in February 1862. Grant quickly seizes Forts Henry & Donelson On April 6 th, 1862, Union soldiers are surprised by 40,000 Confederate soldiers at Shiloh Church, this becomes known as the Battle of Shiloh Admiral David Farragut captures the port of New Orleans on April 25 th, 1862 with his fleet of 24 ships Union forces slowly take major ports and cities along the Mississippi river in blood fighting. Casualties at Shiloh Confederate: 10,000 Union: 13,000

14. Southern forces constantly defeat the Union in the Eastern Theatre, including during the Peninsula Campaign and the Northern Virginia Campaign Despite superior numbers and equipment, the Union suffers from poor leadership Although George McLellan is well liked by his troops, he is too cautious. He does, however, drill his troops into a very well trained force Robert E. Lee is elevated to command during the Peninsula campaign

15. Confederacy goes on offense After major victories in the Peninsula Campaign and Second Bull Run, Robert E. Lee invades the Union Union soldiers discover Confederate battle plans Robert E. Lee and George McLellan met in combat at the Battle of Antietam (Sept. 17, 1862). Confederates are forced to retreat and the Union claims victory Antietam statistics: Confederate Army: 40,000 Union Army: 70,000 Confederate Casualties: 13,000 Union Casualties: McLellan is replaced by Ambrose Burnside, who leads his army of 110,000 against Richmond. Burnside suffers one of the worst defeats of the war.

17. Lincoln Reorganizes the Union Lincoln, hoping to re-energize the Union, issues the Emancipation Proclamation ▫The proclamation freed those slaves in states still in rebellion The first all African-American regiment in US history is formed as the 54 th Massachusetts, led by Robert Gould Shaw Lincoln issues a draft in March, 1863. Confederates issued the first draft in April, 1862

18. “If there is a worse place than hell, I am in it.” Because most fighting took place in the south, many southerners went without food and supplies. ▫Food riots were common After the draft was called in the North, many northerners rioted. New York Draft Riots of 1863 were the most famous

19. Important Technology in the War Ironclads (Monitor v. Merrimack March 9, 1862) Minie Ball New enfield rifles Gatling Guns Telegraph Railroads Photograph

20. War in 1863 Confederates win another major battle at Chancellorsville on May 2, 1863 but lose one of their best generals, Stonewall Jackson. ▫30,000 casualties over three days Lee decides to invade the North once more after his stunning victory at Chancellorsville. Lee invades the North once again

21. Battle of Gettysburg Lee attempts to invade the North and reaches Pennsylvania On July 1 st, 1863 Confederate and Union troops stumble upon one another in Gettysburg A major three day long battle breaks out

22. Day 1 (July 1, 1863) Originally only a small number of troops are present at Gettysburg. However, when they realize opposing forces are in the area they rush to send reinforcements. Confederate win day 1, pushing Union troops south of the city of Gettysburg

23. Day 2 (July 2, 1863) Union troops fall back on more defensible positions, particularly Little Round Top and Cemetery Ridge. Confederate soldiers break through Union lines, but thanks to the heroism of the 20 th Maine, the Union line holds. Robert E. Lee loses roughly 9,000 men in his assault on July 2, but refuses to give up.

24. Day 3 (July 3, 1863) Robert E. Lee, against the advice of his second-in- command, launches a direct assault on Union lines This assault becomes known as Pickett’s Charge 15,000 Confederate soldiers charged Union positions on Cemetery Ridge, only 300 made it. Confederate forces retreat on July 4 th Confederate Casualties: 28,000 Union Casualties: 23,000

25. Grant finally takes the Mississippi Ulysess S. Grant sieged the major Confederate fort of Vicksburg for 48 days. The Confederates lost both Vicksburg and Gettysburg on the same day (July 4, 1863) Confederates do win a single major victory in 1863 at Chickamauga, Georgia, but the victory is short lived.

26. Beginning of the End Lincoln makes Grant head of all Union forces after his victories in 1863 Grant wages a campaign against Lee