1. Chapter 4 Frontiers of Empire Eighteenth Century America 1680 – 1763 read pg. 97

2. American Colonial Population 1700 – 250,000 1770 - 2,125,000 Lots of homegrown babies (1 million plus during this time) Lots of new immigrants (half million plus)

3. Who was still immigrating? 50,000 Sots-Irish convicts sent to America by British Courts (75% male) 150,000 free Scots-Irish came before the revolution, unwelcomed in the UK (most would end up in America’s back country or frontier) 100,000 plus German Protestants Mennonites to Pennsylvania

4. German Lutherans to Middle Colonies, most of whom became merchants

5. Native Americans The more Europeans poured into the back country, and the larger the colonial population grew, the more Native Americans were forced westward towards the Mississippi River

6. Read and Discuss pgs. 104 and 105 Compare to today

7. Spanish Colonization map pg. 107 Spain had claimed Florida to California Found no gold, so turned to converting the Native Americans to Christian / Catholic beliefs Lacked enough occupants to maintain long term control of the area

8. Eastern Cities Home to commerce and trade Not large populations (table pg. 108) Most Americans wished to lived spread out, but those living in the city became more prosperous

9. Period of Enlightenment Read page 108 Began in Europe, and became very popular there Less popular in America Americans accepted common sense science, but not questioning of religion

10. Ben Franklin 1706 - 1790 Common Sense Intellectual Self Educated by experiences Deist Inventor / Philosopher Reason over Emotion

11. American Colonial Economy Very productive Tobacco, Wheat, Corn, and Lumber Most went to the British Market

12. Colonists as Consumers By mid 1700s Americans were consuming many British finished goods (England in early stages of Industrial Revolution) More and more Americans were becoming indebted to British companies

13. The Great Awakening read pgs. 112 - 113 This was a response to new wealth, and anti-church science of the Enlightenment

14. Who had the power in England in the 1700s Wealthy males made up 20% of the population and controlled most of the land and power These were the people who served in parliament and appointed the leaders of the colonies

15. Colonial Leaders Colonial Assemblies were more middle and merchant class particularly in New England These Assemblies clashed with Colonial Governors

16. England vs. France See chart page 122 These conflict would eventually motivate leaders from the different colonies to meet and discuss options This began a unification process

17. French and Indian War (Seven Years War) 3 Phases: Early 1750s Border skirmishes between French and English settlers in North America and the Caribbean William Pitt takes over the war effort, and begins to put upon the colonists, thus alienating them Pitt eventually loosens control and brings in British troops to fight the war

18. Indian Involvement French allied with multiple tribes promising to push the British setters out English allied with the powerful Iroquois nation

19. Results of the War English land holdings grew A large war debt run up by England Colonist disliked British intervention Folks back in England decided the colonist had a free ride and were trading with England enemies

20. The colonist would ignore the post war Treaty of Paris that was supposed to limit westward expansion Tell story of George Washington’s first battle