1. Color Theory

2. TEKS Goals and Objectives ► 117.52. Art Level I.  Introduction. ► (1) Four Basic Strands- perception, creative expression/performance, historical and cultural heritage, and critical evaluation-provide broad, unifying structures for organizing the knowledge and skills students are expected to acquire. Students rely on their perceptions of surroundings, memory, imagination, and life experiences, as a source for creating artworks. They express their thoughts and ideas creatively, while challenging their imagination, fostering reflective thinking, and developing disciplined effort and problem-solving skills.

3. TEKS Goals and Objectives ► Knowledge and Skills  (1) Perception. The student develops and organizes ideas from the environment. The student is expected to: ► (A) Illustrate ideas for artworks from direct observation, experiences, and imagination; and ► (B) compare and contrast the use of art elements (color, texture, form, line, space, value) and art principles (emphasis, pattern, rythym, balance, proportion, unity) in personal artworks and those of others, using vocabulary accurately.

4. How we see Color ► We need both light and our eyes to perceive color.

5. Newton’s Discovery ► Sir Isaac Newton demonstrated that white light contains the combination of all colors “In the late 1660s, Newton starts experimenting with his ’celebrated phenomenon of colors.’ At the time, people thought that color was a mixture of light and darkness, and that prismscolored light. Hooke was a proponent of this theory of color, and had a scale that went from brilliant red, which was pure white light with the least amount of darkness added, to dull blue, the last step before black, which was the complete extinction of light by darkness. Newton realizes this theory was false.”

6. ► Newton set up a prism near his window, and projected a beautiful spectrum 22 feet onto the far wall. Further, to prove that the prism was not coloring the light, he refracted the light back together.

7. Newton’s Color Wheel ► Artists were fascinated by Newton’s clear demonstration that light alone was responsible for color. His most useful idea for artists was his conceptual arrangement of colors around the circumference of a circle (right), which allowed the painters’ primaries (red, yellow, blue) to be arranged opposite their complementary colors (e.g. red opposite green), as a way of denoting that each complementary would enhance the other’s effect through optical contrast.

8. Jacques Christophe LeBlon ► While Newton was concerned with light as the source of color, LeBlon was concerned with the properties of colors as mixable substances. ► LeBlon treatist Coloritto, Or the Harmony of Color in Painting

9. Excerpt from LeBlon’s Coloritto ► “Painting can represent all visible Objects, with three Colours, Yellow, Red, and Blue; sort all other Colours can be compos'd of these Three, which I call Primitive; for Example. Yellow and Red make an Orange Colour. Red and Blue make a Purple and Violet Colour. Blue and Yellow make a Green Colour. And a Mixture of these Three Original Colours makes a Black, and all other Colours whatsover; as I have demonstrated by my Invention of Printing Pictures and Figures with their natural Colours. I am only speaking of Material Colours, or those used by Painters; for a Mixture of all the primitive impalpable Colours, that cannot be felt, will not produce Black, but the very Contrary, White; as the Great Sir Isaac NEWTON has demonstrated in hisOpticks. White, is a Concentrating, or an Excess of Lights. Black, is a deep Hiding, or Privation of Lights. “

10. Begin at the Beginning ► Hook What colors would you expect to see in a toddler’s toy collection?

11. Hook Most baby books about colors talk about 6 particular colors. Red, yellow, blue, and green, orange, and violet. These colors are the starting point for much of color theory. They are composed of the primary (red, yellow, and blue) and secondary (green, orange, and violet) color groups. These colors are the starting point for much of color theory. They are composed of the primary (red, yellow, and blue) and secondary (green, orange, and violet) color groups.

12. Color Theory Lesson Objective ► Students will demonstrate understanding of the organization of primary, secondary, and tertiary colors on the artist’s color wheel, basic color relationships, basic color psychology, and will correctly identify the use of these color theories in various artworks.

13. I. Primary Colors RYB Red, Yellow, and Blue make up the primary colors. From these three pigments, all other hues can be created. A hue, or chromatic color, describes the property of light by which a color is classified (red as opposed to green, or violet: aka color names). Black, white, and pure grays (mixtures of white and black without other colors) are considered achromatic colors and are not described in terms of hue.

14. II. Secondary Colors- ROYGBV as a mnemonic device (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) Green, Orange, and Violet are secondary Colors. They are the direct result of the mixing of two primary colors. Blue + Yellow= Green Red + Yellow= Orange Red + Blue= Violet *Ziploc bags *Sand jars

15. III. Tertiary Colors ► The mixing of a primary and secondary color creates a tertiary color. Examples of these colors: Red + Orange = Red-orange Yellow + Orange = Yellow-orange Blue + Violet = Blue-violet Red + Violet = Red-violet Blue + Green = Blue-green Yellow + Green = Yellow-green

16. IV. Color Value ► Color Value is the degree of lightness or darkness in a color, or the relation of light and shade in an image created by color. Color Value is most affected by the saturation of a color. ► Saturation(or chroma) is the chromatic purity, brightness, or intensity of a color. Saturation can be affected by the opacity of a medium and by the mixing of chromatic hues or achromatic colors. ► Example: A tint or shade of a color is less saturated than the original color.

17. IV. Color Value cont. Tint versus Shade When a color, When a color is is mixed with mixed with black white it creates it creates a shade a tint of the of the original color. original color. A tint or shade of a color is less saturated than the original color.

18. V. Color Temperature ► What colors mean warmth to you? ► Cold? The temperature of color is described in terms of the feeling of cold and heat suggested by a color.

19. V. Color Temperature cont. ► Warm Colors- the reds and yellows of the color spectrum, colors associated with the sun, heat and fire, are known as warm colors. ► Some colors that contain red can still be considered cool if they contain stronger cool tones. ► Cool Colors- the blues and greens of the color spectrum, colors associated with cooler temperatures, ice, water, and sky, are known as cool colors. ► Some colors that contain a cool color like blue can be considered warm if they contain stronger warm tones.

20. VI. Color Relationships Colors that are directly across from each other on the color wheel are known as complementary colors. The relationship between the two can be described as complementing or enhancing each other. When two complementary pigments are mixed together, they have the opposite effect and create muddy or grayish tones. (sample oil and water bottle) Examples: Red/Green Blue/Orange Blue-green/Red- Orange

21. VI. Color Relationships cont. ► Analogous Colors are colors that sit next to each other on the color wheel. They are similar because they share a hue. ► A monchromatic color scheme consists of a single hue and its tints and shades.

22. Color Relationships in practice ► What kind of color relationship is used by this interior design?

23. VII. Color Psychology  What color are you when you are feeling sad?  What color is envy?  What color is used in a well known symbol for happiness?  What color do you turn when you are angry? ► Certain color relationships are used to create and describe mood and atmosphere in art. Note the cool blue tones of The Tragedy as opposed to the warm red tones of the Pianist and Checker Players. What feeling is evoked by each painting? Pablo Picasso’s The Tragedy Henri Matisse’s Pianist and Checker Players Pablo Picasso’s The Tragedy Henri Matisse’s Pianist and Checker Players

24. VII. Color Psychology cont. ► The emotional meaning of colors varies from culture to culture. In Chinese culture, red is a symbol for celebration and luck. Additionally, people who engage in international business with China are recommended to not use green packing materials due to green’s connection with infidelity in Chinese culture. ► *survivor challenge Chinese wedding cake Chinese wedding cake http://www.wildflowersbylori.com http://www.wildflowersbylori.com

25. VII. Color Psychology cont. ► Many people believe that wearing blue to an interview helps convey truth and honesty and can subconsciously affect the interviewers perception of them. ► Conversely, a person who chooses to wear a red tie, or red lipstick, may be trying to influence other people to perceive them as powerful. What colors did you wear to your last interview? Make it big, make it red: anecdote from professor/installation artist Mel Zeigler Taking Measure 1999

26. Chromatherapy ► Color Therapy ► Used in ayurvedic medicine, uses the concept of the chakras for healing