4. Compare feudalism in Europe & feudalism in Japan.

5. MIDDLE AGES 400-1400 AD THE PERIOD OF HISTORY BETWEEN THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE BEGINNING OF THE MODERN WORLD IS KNOWN AS THE MIDDLE AGES.

6. AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE, CITIES AND TOWNS IN EUROPE WERE NOT SAFE ANYMORE BECAUSE THERE WAS NO GOVERNMENT TO PROTECT THEM.

7. CITIES AND TOWNS ALL ACROSS EUROPE BEGAN GETTING INVADED. THE PEOPLE OF EUROPE NEEDED A FORM OF GOVERNMENT, A LEADER, AND SOME FORM OF PROTECTION.

9. WITH NO STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, FEUDALISM GREW AS THE MAIN FORM OF GOVERNMENT DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. IT WAS A STRUCTURED CHAIN- OF-COMMAND UNDER A KING.

10. LORDS THEY GOVERNED ONLY THE PEOPLE ON THEIR LAND. THEY WOULD UNITE UNDER THE KING IF ATTACKED.

11. VASSALS LOCAL LORDS DIVIDED THEIR LAND AMONG LOWER NOBLES CALLED VASSALS. VASSALS WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SALE OF MERCHANDISE IN THEIR LAND.

12. KNIGHTS VASSALS DIVIDED THEIR LAND AMONG THEM. KNIGHTS WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR DEFENSE OF THE LAND.

13. SERFS THESE ARE THE “COMMON” PEOPLE. THEY WORKED THE LAND IN TRADE FOR PROTECTION.

14. KING LORDS VASSALS KNIGHTS SERFSSERFS

15. 1-Minute Pause 1 minute to think about the following: –1 thing that you learned –1 thing that you were interested in

16. Feudalism Graphic Organizer Directions Title – Feudalism in Europe (at top of page) Symbol for Each Level of Feudal Society Name for Each Level of Feudal Society Size Colored (No Marker; No Pencil) Neatness

17. Sentence Synthesis Use two of the following words in one sentence: feudalismserf lordsknight kingvassals *Your sentence must show meaning!

18. Why did Europeans need more protection during the Middle Ages? Who/What provided protection for the Europeans during the Middle Ages? &

20. CASTLES WERE DESIGNED TO PROTECT THE NOBLES AND THEIR FAMILIES. OVER TIME, THEY USED STONE INSTEAD OF WOOD.

21. THE KEEP WOULD CONTAIN THE KITCHEN AND BANQUET HALL. THERE MAY HAVE BEEN A CHURCH ON THE TOP FLOOR.

24. CASTLES WERE OFTEN SURROUNDED BY LARGE MOATS. YOU ENTERED THE CASTLE THROUGH A DRAWBRIDGE.

28. Sentence Summary I found out that...

30. The main job of a knight was to protect the nobles and their land.

31. Three Stages to Become a Knight Stage 1 - Page –Became a page at age 7 –Servant in a household –Learned weaponry, courtesy, religion, etc. Stage 2 - Squire –Became a squire at age 14 –Personal aide to a knight Stage 3 - Knight –Age 18-21 –If he can master the skills he is then knighted

32. Arthurian Legends There are many legends about knights, castles, and the Middle Ages. The most famous legends are about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.

33. Camelot Castle

34. Round Table Mystical Table in Camelot Symbol of Unity

35. Excalibur King Arthur's mythical sword Sword in the stone only drawn by real king.

36. Famous Characters from Arthurian Legends King Arthur Drew the sword in the stone Married to Guinevere Sir Lancelot Greatest of King Arthur’s Knights One of the most trusted knights Falls in love with Guinevere Merlin Wizard in Arthurian legends King’s Advisor

37. Pattern Puzzles 1.You will be given an index card. 2.Read the index card and decide which frisbee it should be placed in. 3.Place your index card in the correct hoop.

38. How did _________ change Europe?

40. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH PROVIDED A SENSE OF UNITY, OR TOGETHERNESS, ALL THROUGHOUT EUROPE. MOST PEOPLE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES SUPPORTED THE CHURCH.

41. THE CHURCH HELD GREAT POLITICAL POWER IN EUROPE. EVERYONE MUST OBEY THE RULES OF THE CHURCH!

42. CATHEDRALS BECAME THE CENTERS OF LEARNING (SCHOOLS) DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.

44. The city of Jerusalem is significant to 3 different religions: 1.Judaism 2.Christianity 3.Islam

45. In 600, Muslims entered the city and took control. At first it was very peaceful between the Muslims, Christians, and Jews. The Muslims allowed the other religious groups to visit and live in Jerusalem.

46. The Cause Around 1095, a new group of Muslims took control of Jerusalem. They closed the city to Jews & Christians. The First Crusade The Effect The Pope acted. He called for a crusade - a volunteer army whose goal was to retake Jerusalem. Many people volunteered. About 30,000 men left Western Europe to fight in Jerusalem.

47. The Result After about two years of harsh traveling, hunger, disease, freezing weather, and quarrels amongst themselves, the crusaders finally arrived in Jerusalem. After a two-month siege of the city, the city fell. The crusaders had won back Jerusalem. Some men stayed. Some headed home. Those who returned brought back new foods and new forms of culture. The First Crusade

48. It was a short victory. Less than 50 years later, Muslims once again conquered Jerusalem. Again the pope called for a crusade to take back the city. There were a total of 9 crusades fought between the Christians and the Muslims. By 1291, 200 years after the first crusade, European leaders lost interest. More Crusades

49. Each crusader had a huge red cross, made out of fabric, stitched onto their shirts or armor. It made all crusaders appear to be a unified army. It reminded the crusaders that they were fighting a holy cause. The red cross was added to flags and banners. The Sign of the Crusades: The Red Cross

51. FROM THE EARLY 1300’S UNTIL AROUND 1400, A PLAGUE SPREAD ACROSS MUCH OF EUROPE. IT WAS SPREAD BY RATS AND FLEAS COMING FROM CHINA ALONG TRADE ROUTES.

52. AT ONE POINT IN PARIS, OVER 800 PEOPLE WERE DYING PER DAY BECAUSE OF THE PLAGUE!

53. LACK OF UNDERSTANDING AND UNSANITARY CONDITIONS WERE A REASON THE PLAGUE SPREAD. BY THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES, BETWEEN 30-50% OF THE POPULATION HAD DIED - OVER 25 MILLION PEOPLE.

55. IN 768, CHARLEMAGNE BECAME KING AND TOOK OVER GERMANY AND ITALY. HE HELPED LAY THE FOUNDATIONS FOR FEUDALISM.

56. HE ENCOURAGED AND HELPED IMPROVE EDUCATION AND THE ARTS. HE ALSO ENCOURAGED THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY.

57. CHARLEMAGNE WAS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL KINGS DURING THE MIDDLE AGES AND WAS EVENTUALLY CROWNED AS EMPEROR OF THE WEST. HE HELPED ESTABLISH FEUDALISM, AND HE HELPED RESTORE ORDER AND PEACE TO EUROPE.

59. In 1168, John Lackland became the King of England. He was a terrible king. King John was a liar. He lied to get his own way. He was also very domineering. He expected to get everything that he wanted just because he was king. King John of England

60. After King John raised the taxes of England without the approval of his nobles, they decided to take action against the king. In 1215, King John was presented with the Magna Carta. It was a document that stated the rights of the nobles and what they could do to the King if he violated those rights. Although he did not want to sign the document, King John knew that he needed the nobles and their knights to protect him and the kingdom. Signing the Magna Carta

61. The Magna Carta guaranteed the people of England certain rights and bound the king to certain laws. Many of the concepts of the Magna Carta are found in America’s Bill of Rights, which states the rights of our citizens. Why is the Magna Carta important?

62. Definition: Category: Black Death Cultural A plague that spread through most of Europe due to rats and fleas

63. Definition: Category: Crusades Religion Series of wars led by the Pope to regain Jerusalem from the Muslims

64. Definition: Category: Charlemagne Political One of the most successful kings of the Middle Ages; he helped establish feudalism

65. Definition: Category: Magna Carta Political Document signed by King John of England that guaranteed the people certain rights and bound the king to the law

66. 1.Write each letter of the alphabet. 2.Write one sentence related to the Middle Ages for each letter of the alphabet. (Hint: You can use examples for your letters.)