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Published byEdgar Oliver Modified over 8 years ago
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CAMERA ANGLES + TECHNIQUES Cinematography
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Shots and Framing Shot: a single piece of film uninterrupted by cuts. Framing: Where the cinematographer has placed the borders of an image. Cinematography: Writing in motion
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Mise en Scene Mise en Scene: what is placed in front of the camera. Elements of mise en scene: setting; costume and make up; figure, expression and movement; lighting
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(Mise en Scene) Costume and make up: Costumes are part of the set, indicate period and social class Social background Character traits People make instant judgments by observing dress Make up is important in maintaining the illusion created by a particular setting. (Sweat on warriors, dust on cowboys) Facial expression- more important to cinema than theater because the expressions are projected much bigger.
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In positioning the camera, there are a number of options available: camera angle, camera level, camera height, and camera distance from action. How far away the camera is = shot type: long, medium, close shots. The type of shot affects the degree of our engagement with the characters. We engage with the protagonists because we usually see them the most close up.
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Establishing Shot Often a long shot or a series of shots that sets the scene. It is used to establish setting and to show transitions between locations. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyDifF2_Csk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyDifF2_Csk
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Long Shot A shot from some distance. If filming a person, the full body is shown. It may show the isolation or vulnerability of the character. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laU2MI6X48I – Basic shot types http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laU2MI6X48I
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Medium Shot The most common shot. The camera seems to be a medium distance from the object being filmed; shows the person from the waist up.
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Close Up The image takes up at least 80 percent of the frame. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vp26Iv4B47A\ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vp26Iv4B47A\
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Extreme Close Up The image being shot is a part of a whole, such as an eye or a hand.
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Two Shot A scene between two people shot exclusively from an angle that includes both characters more or less equally. It is used in love scenes where interaction between the two characters is important.
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Eye Level A shot taken from a normal height; that is, the character’s eye level. Ninety to ninety-five percent of the shots seen are eye level, because it is the most natural angle. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLOjzZ2Y5iw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLOjzZ2Y5iw
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High Angle The camera is above the subject. This usually has the effect of making the subject look smaller than normal, giving him or her the appearance of being weak, powerless, and trapped. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V1uE1-wTPs – High and low comparison, Scrubs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V1uE1-wTPs
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Low Angle The camera films subject from below. This usually has the effect of making the subject look larger than normal, and therefore strong, powerful, and threatening.
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One Man Band Scene Analysis pt. 1
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Pan A stationary camera moves from side to side on a horizontal axis. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Slu6Leds5IA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Slu6Leds5IA
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Tilt A stationary camera moves up or down along a vertical axis.
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Zoom A stationary camera where the lens moves to make an object seem to move closer to or further away from the camera. With this technique, moving into a character is often a personal or revealing movement, while moving away distances or separates the audience from the character.
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Dolly/Tracking The camera is on a track that allows it to move with the action. The term also refers to any camera mounted on a car, truck, or helicopter. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFCb-iYTSg0 – Long tracking shot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFCb-iYTSg0
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Boom/Crane The camera is on a crane over the action. This is used to create overhead shots. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMeP0aWbLRU&list=PL2rRXkgGVy6HuN cqF1GSyBGPlALE6br-f&index=36 –crane shots on beach http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMeP0aWbLRU&list=PL2rRXkgGVy6HuN cqF1GSyBGPlALE6br-f&index=36
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LIGHTING No object can be seen, much less filmed, without light. Lighting helps suggest who/what is the key figure in a scene and how we should read the mood of a scene. Indication of a genre. Central to the creation of mystery, tension, and suspense. Bright illumination Highlights screen draws attention. Shadows Suspense about what might be revealed later.
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INTENSITY Four main features of film lighting: - Hard light = defined, harsh, crisp - Soft light = blurs, softens, gentle
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SOURCE - Natural or artificial - Natural light often produced with lamps to have enough light to film with. - New technology: Filmmakers developed films that needed less light, less studio needs. = Greater freedom of choice = Less restricted to studio based film making = Option of filming on location. = Cheaper budget for films, gave first time directors a chance.
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DIRECTION High key light: obliterates shadows Low key light: sharp contrast between light and dark, distinct shadows - Chiaroscuro: chiaro- light, oscuro- dark; borrowed from Italian painting - One reason for stark, contrasted lighting schemes was economic. - Less complicated lighting plans were cheaper to shoot.
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COLOR Reds, yellow, and oranges = warm colors. Blues and greys = cold colors. Magic hour- 30min after sun has dropped below horizon. Golden, even light.
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High Key The scene is flooded with light, creating a bright and open looking scene. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4HkrBzoxKY#t=225 – High key v. Low key http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4HkrBzoxKY#t=225 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IErqIMLwtQ – Wizard of Oz High key http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IErqIMLwtQ
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Low Key The scene is flooded with shadows and darkness, creating suspense or suspicion. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNom4k5Pwb8 - Sin City low key http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNom4k5Pwb8
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Examples of film shots (review) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4316BUEVYkE& list=PLlLH8hkHvXVYOo1Ebj74ukvYz1YhRm_iy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4316BUEVYkE& list=PLlLH8hkHvXVYOo1Ebj74ukvYz1YhRm_iy
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Fade Can be to or from black or white. A fade can begin in darkness and gradually assume full brightness (fade-in) or the image may gradually get darker (fade-out). A fade often implies that time has passed or may signify the end of a scene. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0_2ZFdB6Hk – fade to black http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0_2ZFdB6Hk
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Dissolve A kind of fade in which one image is slowly replaced by another. It can create a connection between images. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Cz2Wn2-Aeo –Butterfly effect, end at 1:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Cz2Wn2-Aeo
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Flashback Cut or dissolve to action that happened in the past.
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Wipe A new image wipes off the previous image. A wipe is more fluid than a cut and quicker than a dissolve. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVr7oK_x0Iw – Wipe right http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVr7oK_x0Iw
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Cross Cutting Cut into action that is happening simultaneously. This technique is also called parallel editing. It can create tension or suspense and can form a connection between scenes. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmptU7vEkNU – Inception http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmptU7vEkNU
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Shot Reverse Shot A shot of one subject, then another, then back to the first. It is often used for conversation or reaction shots. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwehSno4hw4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwehSno4hw4
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Eye-Line Match Cut to an object, then to a person. This technique shows what a person seems to be looking at and can reveal a character’s thoughts. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e80FTNJjtpQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e80FTNJjtpQ
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