1. ISLAM SECTION 1 and 2 NOTES

2. Islam Section 1 Notes The Roots of Islam

3. Learning Objective Today we will learn how the religion of Islam formed in the Arabian Peninsula.

4. Islam Section 1 Vocabulary Oasis- a wet fertile area in a desert. Caravan- a group of traders that travel together Muhammad- founder and prophet of the religion of Islam Islam- the religion of the Muslims Muslim- a follower of the religion of Islam Qur’an- the holy book of Islam pilgrimage- a journey to a sacred place mosque- building for Muslim prayer

5. The Arabian Peninsula

6. What kind of life could you have in a desert?

8. Life in the Desert 1.The Arabian Deserts cover much of the Arabian Peninsula. 2.This forced people living there to live as nomads. Many traveled in caravans trading goods to survive. They live in tents and raise herds of sheep, goats and camels. They belong to strong tribes (a group of related people who take care of each other. 3. People formed permanent settlements near an oasis that was on a trading route. Oasis provided water and soon towns formed there due to trade.

9. Nomadic Life

10. Oasis became towns due to trade! Open-air Arab Bazaar Arab Town

11. Caravan is a group of traders that travel together.

12. CFU Highlight/underline the information in your notes that explains why early people living on the Arabian peninsula lived as nomads. Find the term “oasis” in your notes and highlight/circle it. How did the early Arabs benefit from settling near an oasis?

13. A New Religion 4. Muhammad: brought a new religion to Arabia called Islam. 5. Muhammad was born to a rich family in the city of Mecca in the year AD 570.

14. Muhammad the Prophet. He took his name.

15. CFU Highlight/circle the name of the religion formed by Muhammad. Highlight/circle the name of the city that Muhammad was born in. What type of life did Muhammad have growing up?

16. MUHAMMAD When Muhammad was 40 years old an angel spoke to him! 6. The messages Muhammad received from an angel form the basis of the religion called Islam. 7. In Arabic, Islam means “to submit to God” 8. The Muslim bible is called the Qur’an (Koran). The messages from God to Muhammad are in the Qur’an.

17. CFU Highlight/underline the information in your notes that explains how the religion of Islam was formed. Highlight/circle the name of the holy book of Islam. What can you find in the Qur’an?

18. MUHAMMAD 9. In 613 Muhammad began to teach people about Islam. 10. Islam is a monotheistic religion. The Muslim name for god is Allah. In 622 Muhammad’s life was in danger so he goes to Medina.

19. MUHAMMAD 11. Muhammad moves to Medina “the Prophet’s city” and forms the first Mosque. He died in 630, but his new religion would spread all over the world.

20. CFU How do you know that the religion of Islam is a monotheistic religion? Highlight/circle the name of the city that Muhammad runs to for protection. What accomplishment did Muhammad make while he was in this new city?

21. Islam Section 2 Notes Major Beliefs of Islam

22. Learning Objective: Today we will learn about the main beliefs of Islam.

23. Islam Section 2 Vocabulary jihad- to make an effort or to struggle Sunnah- a book that refers to the way Muhammad lived Five Pillars of Islam- 5 acts of worship required of all Muslims Shariah- is a system of laws that tells Muslims what is acceptable to do and what is forbidden.

24. Meanings of Jihad 1. Muslims believe in jihad which means “to make an effort, or to struggle.” 2. Inner struggle people deal with in an effort to obey God. 3. Translated to “holy war”.

25. Sunnah Sunnah- A book that refers to the way Muhammad lived. The Sunnah is a model for the way people are expected to live.

26. Five Pillars of Islam- 5 Acts of worship required of all Muslims. 5 Pillars of Islam Cartoon

27. Five Pillars 1. Saying there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet. 2. Praying five times a day. 3. Giving to the poor and needy. 4. Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. 5. hajj- Traveling to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. Hajj VideoHajj Video

28. Islamic Laws=Shariah Shariah- is a system of laws that tells Muslims what is acceptable to do and what is forbidden. Muslim countries today blend Islamic law (Shariah law) with modern day laws.

29. What happens after Muhammad? After Muhammad’s death Muslims had to select a new leader. 1. Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph, which is the title that Muslims use for their highest leader.

30. Islam Splits 2. Disagreements about who should lead the Muslims caused Islam to split into two main groups. The groups are the Sunni and Shiite Muslims. The Sunni who believed that only descendants of Muhammad should be able to rule. The Shiite who thought that anyone should be able to rule.

31. CFU Highlight/Underline the information in your notes that explains why Islam split into two main groups.

32. Islam Spreads 3. Within 100 years of Mohammed’s death, Muslims conquered the Middle East, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, and northern Africa and installed Islam as the religion of the region. In later centuries, Islam spread through normal trade activities and peaceful means across the Indian Ocean, Central Asia, and West Africa and into part of Europe through armed conquest into the Balkans and the Iberian Peninsula.

34. 2 Main Reasons Why Islam Spread 1. People of newly conquered areas were forced to convert to Islam. 2. Muslims traded with places all over the world.

36. CFU What caused Islam to spread throughout the world?