1. Psychological Disorders and Treatments Presented by Rachel Barnes, Ph.D.

2. Unusualness Social (cultural)deviance Emotional distress Maladaptive behavior Dangerousness Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality Criteria Used to Identify Abnormal Behavior

3. The Basics Diagnosis - identification and labeling of a disease based on its signs and symptoms. Mental health clinicians (psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurse practitioners) diagnose mental disorders. DSM-IV-TR - The APA defines a mental disorder as "a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress or disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom." http://www.minddisorders.com/Del-Fi/Diagnosis.html

4. Anxiety - what are we worried about? Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Excessive worry with 3 or more of following symptoms: Restlessness, fatigue, trouble focusing, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance Phobic Disorders - marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations 5 categories - animals, natural environment, situations, blood injections injuries, and “other” Social phobia - fear of public humiliation Preparedness theory - we are predisposed to certain fears

5. Lots to worry about….. Panic Disorder - sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physical symptoms --> feeling of terror Shortness of breath, heart palpitations, sweating, dizziness, feeling detached from one’s body Mimic physical disorder, hard to diagnose Agoraphobia- fear of going into public places People with this disorder may experience panic attacks when in public MOVIE: Copy cat Panic Disorder - sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physical symptoms --> feeling of terror Shortness of breath, heart palpitations, sweating, dizziness, feeling detached from one’s body Mimic physical disorder, hard to diagnose Agoraphobia- fear of going into public places People with this disorder may experience panic attacks when in public MOVIE: Copy cat

6. And sometimes, there are rituals Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - repetitive intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to fend off thoughts, interferes with functioning Concerns are usually about things that could pose a real threat Most common - contamination, aggression, death, sex, disease, orderliness, disfigurement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPFQMRx2l3Y&fe ature=related MOVIE: As Good as it Gets Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - repetitive intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to fend off thoughts, interferes with functioning Concerns are usually about things that could pose a real threat Most common - contamination, aggression, death, sex, disease, orderliness, disfigurement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPFQMRx2l3Y&fe ature=related MOVIE: As Good as it Gets

7. When our emotions overtake us Mood disorders are usually dysfunctional, chronic, and outside the range of socially expected responses Major depressive disorder - severely depressed mood for at least 2 week, feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances Dysthymia - same symptoms as depression but less severe, symptoms for at least 2 years Double depression = Dysthymia with period of major depression Seasonal affective disorder - has seasonal pattern (usually winter) Mood disorders are usually dysfunctional, chronic, and outside the range of socially expected responses Major depressive disorder - severely depressed mood for at least 2 week, feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances Dysthymia - same symptoms as depression but less severe, symptoms for at least 2 years Double depression = Dysthymia with period of major depression Seasonal affective disorder - has seasonal pattern (usually winter)

8. We all have ups and downs, but…. Bipolar Disorder - unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal high mood (mania) and low mood (depression) At times psychotic symptoms are present Usually recurrent, but rapid cycling is rare High Risk for suicide High genetic component http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9hbXPVaO uk

9. Did you hear that?? Symptoms of Schizophrenia Psychotic disorder Confuses reality with fantasy Hallucinations Delusions May exhibit bizarre behavior, incoherent speech, and illogical thinking Thought disorder Positive and negative symptoms

10. Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Catatonic Waxy flexibility Paranoid MOVIES: Fisher King A Brilliant Mind BOOK: The Day the Voices Stopped

11. What are your thoughts? Do the explanations in the book change your thoughts about any of these disorders? How can you tell when a disorder is significant enough for a diagnosis? Is diagnosis helpful? Why? How does treatment fit into the picture?

12. And for the rest of the week… Finish up the FINAL project ALL late work due by Wednesday2/10 at 12:00 est Please be sure to answer both discussion questions This chapter is full of information that may be brand new to many of you - please check out the links in the following slide for further, simplified information Keep up with the reading and email me questions and ideas as they come up HAVE A GREAT WEEK! You were a great class and I hope to run into you in other classes!

13. Additional resources http://www.depressioncenter.org/depressive_ disorders/bipolar.asp http://www.gannett.cornell.edu/top10Topics/d epression-anxiety/default.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeZCmqeP LzM