1. Drama Chapter 20 Daniel Anggi Yoseva Ditha

2. Bringing The Elements Together Theater is a remarkable convergence of human and artistic endeavors. This is understood by the many elements that must come together to produce a theater event. Theater also is a supreme example of this phenomenon, because with the possible exception of opera, it is the most complex of the art.

3. The Playwright The playwright is Williams. William wrote everyday until he had finished the play. The play just has few characters and it takes in one setting. The theater which is written by Williams is Modern Tragedy

4. The producer Irene Selznick is the producer of this theater William asked to Irene Selznick who will be a producer. she was impressed by it and she asked William to meet with her. Producer also is called manager who is working in publishing, ticketing and choose the Dierector.

5. The Director The Director is Elia Kazan the producer sought a director who could bring out vividly not only the explosive, external action of the play, but the complex, inner life of characters. Kazan had been chosen as the director. She had achieved great success directing Thornton Wilder’s The skin of Our Teeth

6. Selecting The Designer The Designers are Jo and Lucinda After choosing the Director Selznick next task was to select the scenic, lighting, and costume designer. The producer chose Jo Mielziner for scenery lighting and Lucinda Ballard for costume.

7. Working on The Script Kazan as director, he has to determine the script “ what the play is about” Kazan saw the play basically as a clash between two lifestyle: poetic values and manners.

8. The Designers begin Work Mielziner as scenic and light designer had to wed or mix or combine the aesthetic ideas – the style, mood, the locale – to practical question such as playing areas for the performers. He also had to consider the aesthetic and practical aspects of lighting. Ballard as costume designer, set to work to find the proper clothes to suit not only the place and period of the play but the personality of each characters. She would later measure each performers carefully to see that the costumes fit well and could be changed easily when necessary.

9. The Characters Kazan’s next concern was casting the parts. In preparation for this, he prepared a careful analysis of the play’s characters They are: Blanche, Stanley, Stella and Mitch Kazan will find people who will paly a role of each character.

10. Audition ; Casting; Stage manager After having a clear conception of play and character Kazan has to be ready to hold auditions. Stage manager had been hired, who, as one of his first duties, organized and helped conduct the auditions. In this theater there was a case. Kazan chose John Garfield played as Stanley Kowalski but he declined and then Kazan cast a relatively unknown actor, Marlon Brando. Jessica played as a Blanche and Kim hunter as Stella and Karl Marden as Mitch.

11. Production; Rehearsal Schedules One of main purpose of this meeting was to prepare detailed production. The production schedule reflects when sets will be built, costumes sewn, furniture, light hung and so on. The rehearsals schedule informs the performers when, where, of what type and how long rehearsal will be.

12. Rehearsal It was the responsibility of the stage manager to set up the rehearsal space with whatever was needed to rehearse. At the beginning, the stage manger arranged for a large table and chairs and so forth.

13. The Producer at Work The producer had been occupied with the business and administrative side of production. 1.Pay all expenses 2.Rented Ethel Barrymore 3.Hired a general manager 4.Hired an advertising agency 5.He coordinated these activities with budgetary requests of them.

14. Rehearsal in Theater Kazan began to set or fix the staging. That is, he set permanent patterns of movement to be used in performance. Meanwhile the stage manager had been assuming another important responsibility: the preparation of the production.

15. Technical and Dress Rehearsal At these rehearsal the actors and actresses were wearing parts of their costumes and using the actual furniture and props to be used in performance. All the technical elements set, light, sound, props, costumes, make up were being coordinated at rehearsal which were followed by dress to coordinate all technical and artistic (acting) elements in the production.

16. The Audience at the First Performance The play opened on Broadway December 3, 1947 This is the final combining of the elements, as we have seen from the opening chapters.

17. Aspect of The Total Experience The creators: risks and opportunities The risks The danger in theater is that the number of people involved increases the chance of failure. The opportunity Is that many people are working together can produce results that no one person working alone ever could.

18. The audience : integrating the elements The ultimate integration of a theater event takes place in each spectators’ mind